To this day, fluorescent lamps are still the cheapest way to produce white light with minimal power consumption (lumens/watt). Nowadays, the annual sales volume of compact fluorescent lamps reaches hundreds of millions, and the requirements for the reliability of fluorescent lamps are also increasing. Today's lighting systems require ballast control to drive compact fluorescent lamps, but this adds cost and design time, and these ballast control functions must be re-adjusted for each type of fluorescent lamp. As a result, design engineers need to integrate solutions for all control functions to focus more on the output stage design of the lamp and reduce time-to-market. This article describes how to design a 25W compact fluorescent ballast using a single IC with integrated control functions. It also discusses output stage design, programmable device selection, schematics, ballast measurement waveforms, and simulation results and measurements. Comparison of results. The lamp output stage can be designed using a simplified model based on a standard resonant circuit topology (Figure 1). The lamp requires a current to warm up the filament for a given period of time, a high voltage to illuminate the filament, and then start working. These requirements can be met by choosing the right inductor and capacitor and changing the input voltage frequency. In order to preheat and illuminate the filament, the lamp is not turned on at this time, and the circuit is inductive-capacitor series. After the lamp is lit, the lamp is in the on state, and the circuit is in the form of an inductive shunt resistor-capacitor string. According to the transfer function of the circuit, the output stage operating point in the three states of lamp warm-up, lighting and normal illumination can be obtained (Fig. 2). The frequency is smoothly reduced from the starting frequency to the final operating frequency within the determined warm-up time. During the frequency drop, the filament is preheated and the voltage across the lamp increases as the frequency approaches the resonance point of the high Q LC circuit. When the voltage is high enough, the lamp is illuminated and the operating point is shifted to the low Q LC curve. The frequency continues to drop and eventually reaches the operating frequency.
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Figure 1: The simplified lamp output stage model is a basic RLC circuit.
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