After the major earthquake in Japan in 2011, energy issues and even power-saving measures have become a problem for Japan's society as a whole. Of course, this issue is far from over. In the coming winter, and even next summer, the crisis of power supply is probably going to hit again.
In the field of electronic technology, 2011 was also a year when the issue of power consumption emerged as the biggest technical issue. Of course, low-power consumption technology has always been an important technology, not only now, but it has been the case since decades ago. However, in recent years, its importance has increased dramatically. Only by achieving low power consumption can we talk about other issues.
Its representative is a supercomputer. In June 2011, the supercomputer "King" of the Japan Institute of Physical Chemistry (hereinafter referred to as Riken) topped the world in floating-point performance exceeding 8 PFLOPS (calculated in a billion seconds in 1 second). In fact, for many supercomputer manufacturers, reaching 10 PFLOPS is the biggest goal in the next five to six years. With the realization of this goal, they have turned to Exa (100 billion or 1018) FLOPS-class supercomputers. If the author is not mistaken, the United States launched a number of large-scale projects targeting Exa around 2008, but until June 2011, these projects were all semi-secret. After June 2011, these projects quickly surfaced. By the way, these projects set the target time for achieving Exa to be 2017-18, ie after 6-7 years.
The ripple effect of technology development will also benefit smartphones. However, Exa-class supercomputers are far more technically difficult than previous supercomputers. The refinement of the manufacturing process close to the limit of the Moore's Law, the nucleusization of more than 1,000 cores, and the increase in network transmission delays make the future even more difficult. Among them, the biggest issue is power consumption.
Even if we do not do special technical innovation in power consumption, as long as we do not hesitate to increase the number of nodes, Exa supercomputer is not unrealized. However, the problem is that the power consumption of each supercomputer will reach 1000MW (1 million kW). In other words, it is equivalent to the power generation of a typical nuclear power plant. According to this calculation, about 100 billion yen will be needed for a year's electricity bill. This amount is basically the same as the single development cost of the RIKEN supercomputer "King". The annual electricity bill is not realistic even for Japan before the earthquake.
Of course, this is not realistic in the United States. Therefore, the U.S. government stipulated conditions for the development of the Exa supercomputer and set a strict upper limit of 20MW for the single electricity consumption. This means that the computational performance (energy saving performance) at the unit power consumption is increased to 50 GFLOPS/W, which is about 25 to 50 times that of the existing highest-level supercomputer (about 100 of the existing ordinary microprocessor products) Times). Intel's development goals are also consistent with this. If energy efficiency is to be increased by 50 times over the next seven years, it will need to increase energy-saving performance by about 1.75 times per year. Although it is expected to “double in 18 months to 2 years†and slightly exceeds the Moore law, it is actually not only a requirement to win in performance, but also a condition that the power consumption can hardly increase. It can be said that this is a much stricter threshold than Moore's Law.
Because of the high threshold, there are many essential elements that must be developed. If we do not include all of the aforementioned many-core technologies and miniaturization, we will not be able to meet the requirements. In addition, new technologies such as optical CMOS technology may need to be introduced. But even so, low-power consumption technology is still a highly applied technology. After the practical application of these elemental technologies, it is expected to bring more ripple effects to areas beyond the supercomputers that are closer to life. For example, personal computers and smart phones can also significantly reduce power consumption, reduce electromagnetic noise, and significantly reduce the size.
"Energy Nanotechnology" will also be unveiled in a technology field where low power consumption is particularly important, and there is also a counter-pole use of technology that can be said to compete with supercomputers for high computing performance. This is called "energy harvesting." Such technologies can use a variety of energy, such as radio waves, indoor lighting, temperature difference, vibration, and pressure, to “harvesting†from the surrounding environment, and use the power of several μW or less generated by these energy to drive the wireless sensor. Recently, with the increasingly concise power conversion element technology, the MCU and its peripheral circuit technologies have become lower in power consumption, and a number of technical solutions have been proposed to reduce the average power consumption of the entire wireless sensor to 1 μW or less.
If the sensor is operating at 1μW, a 1cm square solar cell can be used as a power source under room lighting. About 10 years ago, the microfabrication technology with a size of 1 μm or less was called "nanotechnology", which promoted the development of MEMS and NEMS (Nano Electro Mechanical Systems) technologies. The current energy harvesting technology, its most advanced technology can also be called "energy nanotechnology", in the future is also expected to have a profound impact on the development of the sensor.
From the point of view of the technology development of big companies such as IBM and Intel, Exa supercomputer need not say that personal computers and servers are also striving for high performance as their mainstream. Recently, Intel is still developing technology that uses radio wave energy. It can be seen that from supercomputers to energy-harvesting components, the company has always maintained a keen sense of low-power consumption technology.
In addition, MCU manufacturers such as Texas Instruments Inc., as well as Japanese companies such as Fujitsu, Murata Manufacturing, Roma, and NTT have also realized early on that low-power consumption technologies will become the focus of competition in the future. Who will be the winner of the competition? What new technologies and uses will be born? In the future, the author will continue to follow the interview.
In the field of electronic technology, 2011 was also a year when the issue of power consumption emerged as the biggest technical issue. Of course, low-power consumption technology has always been an important technology, not only now, but it has been the case since decades ago. However, in recent years, its importance has increased dramatically. Only by achieving low power consumption can we talk about other issues.
Its representative is a supercomputer. In June 2011, the supercomputer "King" of the Japan Institute of Physical Chemistry (hereinafter referred to as Riken) topped the world in floating-point performance exceeding 8 PFLOPS (calculated in a billion seconds in 1 second). In fact, for many supercomputer manufacturers, reaching 10 PFLOPS is the biggest goal in the next five to six years. With the realization of this goal, they have turned to Exa (100 billion or 1018) FLOPS-class supercomputers. If the author is not mistaken, the United States launched a number of large-scale projects targeting Exa around 2008, but until June 2011, these projects were all semi-secret. After June 2011, these projects quickly surfaced. By the way, these projects set the target time for achieving Exa to be 2017-18, ie after 6-7 years.
The ripple effect of technology development will also benefit smartphones. However, Exa-class supercomputers are far more technically difficult than previous supercomputers. The refinement of the manufacturing process close to the limit of the Moore's Law, the nucleusization of more than 1,000 cores, and the increase in network transmission delays make the future even more difficult. Among them, the biggest issue is power consumption.
Even if we do not do special technical innovation in power consumption, as long as we do not hesitate to increase the number of nodes, Exa supercomputer is not unrealized. However, the problem is that the power consumption of each supercomputer will reach 1000MW (1 million kW). In other words, it is equivalent to the power generation of a typical nuclear power plant. According to this calculation, about 100 billion yen will be needed for a year's electricity bill. This amount is basically the same as the single development cost of the RIKEN supercomputer "King". The annual electricity bill is not realistic even for Japan before the earthquake.
Of course, this is not realistic in the United States. Therefore, the U.S. government stipulated conditions for the development of the Exa supercomputer and set a strict upper limit of 20MW for the single electricity consumption. This means that the computational performance (energy saving performance) at the unit power consumption is increased to 50 GFLOPS/W, which is about 25 to 50 times that of the existing highest-level supercomputer (about 100 of the existing ordinary microprocessor products) Times). Intel's development goals are also consistent with this. If energy efficiency is to be increased by 50 times over the next seven years, it will need to increase energy-saving performance by about 1.75 times per year. Although it is expected to “double in 18 months to 2 years†and slightly exceeds the Moore law, it is actually not only a requirement to win in performance, but also a condition that the power consumption can hardly increase. It can be said that this is a much stricter threshold than Moore's Law.
Because of the high threshold, there are many essential elements that must be developed. If we do not include all of the aforementioned many-core technologies and miniaturization, we will not be able to meet the requirements. In addition, new technologies such as optical CMOS technology may need to be introduced. But even so, low-power consumption technology is still a highly applied technology. After the practical application of these elemental technologies, it is expected to bring more ripple effects to areas beyond the supercomputers that are closer to life. For example, personal computers and smart phones can also significantly reduce power consumption, reduce electromagnetic noise, and significantly reduce the size.
"Energy Nanotechnology" will also be unveiled in a technology field where low power consumption is particularly important, and there is also a counter-pole use of technology that can be said to compete with supercomputers for high computing performance. This is called "energy harvesting." Such technologies can use a variety of energy, such as radio waves, indoor lighting, temperature difference, vibration, and pressure, to “harvesting†from the surrounding environment, and use the power of several μW or less generated by these energy to drive the wireless sensor. Recently, with the increasingly concise power conversion element technology, the MCU and its peripheral circuit technologies have become lower in power consumption, and a number of technical solutions have been proposed to reduce the average power consumption of the entire wireless sensor to 1 μW or less.
If the sensor is operating at 1μW, a 1cm square solar cell can be used as a power source under room lighting. About 10 years ago, the microfabrication technology with a size of 1 μm or less was called "nanotechnology", which promoted the development of MEMS and NEMS (Nano Electro Mechanical Systems) technologies. The current energy harvesting technology, its most advanced technology can also be called "energy nanotechnology", in the future is also expected to have a profound impact on the development of the sensor.
From the point of view of the technology development of big companies such as IBM and Intel, Exa supercomputer need not say that personal computers and servers are also striving for high performance as their mainstream. Recently, Intel is still developing technology that uses radio wave energy. It can be seen that from supercomputers to energy-harvesting components, the company has always maintained a keen sense of low-power consumption technology.
In addition, MCU manufacturers such as Texas Instruments Inc., as well as Japanese companies such as Fujitsu, Murata Manufacturing, Roma, and NTT have also realized early on that low-power consumption technologies will become the focus of competition in the future. Who will be the winner of the competition? What new technologies and uses will be born? In the future, the author will continue to follow the interview.
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