The traffic building in this case study is located in a city center of Guangdong Province. It has 24 floors and a building area of ​​40,000 square meters. Each side of the main building has a three-story podium, and the main part of the building is a symmetrical structure. Its traffic command center is located on the top floor, offices 5 to 23 are offices, restaurant is on the fourth floor, and business halls are located on the first to third floors. The underground is divided into three levels; the first floor is an underground parking lot with 260 parking spaces, the second floor is an electromechanical equipment room, and the third floor is a wartime air defense station, usually a debris storage room.
The main functions of the traffic building:
â— Centrally manage the amount of motor vehicles in the urban area;
â— Unified dispatch management of road sections where major traffic accidents and vehicle peaks occur.
one. Transportation Building System Integration Model
In China, there is not a unified conclusion about the integration of the entire intelligent building. At present, the following four modes are mainly used for BMS system integration of large-scale public buildings:
1. The system integration is based on the contact method, 2. The serial communication method is used for integration, 3. The system automation system BA is used as the platform for system integration, and 4. The system is integrated based on the subsystem equality method. The first integration method is the initial means of system integration, and it is rarely used in BMS integration; the second method is slow in communication speed due to serial communication; the third type of integration method has a large defect, and the BAS system is A relatively closed system lacks the ability to open up, and the interface devices and interface software of other subsystems are limited to specific products, so the system integration capability is limited, and the maintenance and upgrade costs are too high. BAS binds too tightly with the BMS Once the BAS fails, the BMS also declares that it has lost its normal working capacity and cannot manage and monitor the subsystems that are still working properly.
In response to the user's requirements for use and the five principles of system integration, our company has adopted an integrated approach based on the equality of subsystems.
The entire traffic building can be integrated into a parallel two-tier structure according to the functional requirements put forward by users. The OA and CN of the Traffic Building constitute an integrated business information management automation system consisting of an integrated communication platform, traffic information communication, and an alarm system. (MAS); A building management system (BMS) based on building property management is separately constituted by systems related to building management such as BA, FA, and SA. The integrated system is shown in the figure below. The five subsystems of the OA and the six subsystems of the CN are coordinated by the MAS. The BA's seven subsystems and the property management network are managed by the BMS. The databases of the two can be interconnected according to the permissions and requirements.
two. Transportation Building Cabling System
The MAS system in the entire building adopts the integrated wiring system as the subsystem of the transmission medium (super 5 class and 6 class hybrid wiring structure).
1. According to the analysis of user needs, the intelligent building of the traffic building mainly includes subsystems such as power distribution equipment monitoring, mechanical and electrical equipment monitoring, fire alarm, cable television, security automation, broadcast audio, information communication and computer networks. In theory, integrated wiring can support the signal transmission of the above various subsystems, covering almost all weak systems. However, in practical applications, the backbone network topology of the equipment monitoring system is generally a bus type, and the integrated wiring is a star topology. If the system uses integrated wiring, the length of the twisted pair must be increased; the cable television system can use optical cables to transmit RF signals. Signals, but to increase the adapter, the system reliability is reduced, and its investment is also more expensive than coaxial cables; the transmission of video signals in closed-circuit television monitoring systems such as UTP, the shielding performance is worse than the coaxial cable, using FTP, its price than the same Axial cables are expensive, and power cords must be laid separately; fire alarm systems are mainly bus-type structures, and these reasons are also present, and current regulations stipulate that fire alarm lines cannot be shared with other lines and co-construction, because the management system is not the reason. Suitable for integrated wiring; broadcast audio system output voltage of 70 ~ 120V, such as the use of integrated wiring there is the problem of cable over-voltage, this part of the system is not suitable for integrated wiring. Therefore, the most suitable system for adopting the integrated wiring transmission medium is a MAS (communication and computer network system).
2. Comprehensive Cabling Design Grades The cabling design grades are divided into basic, enhanced, and integrated models. Combining the needs of users for the use of voice and data equipment, and taking into account the development of the next 10 to 15 years, the building adopts a comprehensive design level and uses fiber optic cable and UTP hybrid networking.
3. Design scheme for horizontal work area and equipment connection equipment
Solution one: The use of ultra-five products can support the requirements of 100Mbps Ethernet and 1Gbps Ethernet, and support the need for 550MHz broadband video transmission to the desktop, and provide convenience for future upgrades. Since the bottleneck of data transmission is mainly in data sharing devices and network switching devices, the connection devices in the horizontal work area and the management room use Super five products. In addition, a small number of optical fiber-to-desktop information points are also installed in each floor, which are mainly distributed in the comprehensive conference rooms, command centers, network centers, and key offices. This solution is ideal for those systems that want to invest minimally but at the same time to ensure user performance, that is, where network cost requirements are more important than network bandwidth.
Option 2: Choose six types of products with wider transmission band, faster transmission, and better transmission quality. Also, set a small amount of fiber to the information point on the desktop in each floor. The bandwidth and transmission rate of Category VI cabling is much higher than that of Category 5 cabling (supports 1.2G/2.4Gbps ATM and 1.0Gbps Gigabit Ethernet applications, and the data transmission rate is 5 to 6 times faster than Cat 5) . Category 6 cabling is used with fiber optic-based vertical trunks to provide complete end-to-end cabling solutions for high-bandwidth applications and is highly advanced, especially for future network expansion and upgrades, reducing maintenance costs, but The disadvantage is that the price is higher. The investment of this plan is 35% more than plan one, and an increase of about 1.8 million yuan.
After further discussion with Party A on the actual needs and project cost, the structure of the Category 5 and Category 6 hybrid wiring was adopted in this system.
4. Data vertical trunking solution Because of the use of faster network switches at each floor, these ever-increasing network loads exceed the capacity of large-pair twisted pair cables. To support Gigabit Ethernet and future applications with higher data rates, data The vertical trunk uses multimode fiber. Multimode fiber has a high optical coupling ratio and a relatively loose core alignment. When the bending radius is greater than 10 times its diameter, it does not affect signal transmission. It is a main transmission cable that conforms to IEEE802.5 FDDI and EIA/TIA 568 standards. The ability to support computer networks over 100m transmission distances in buildings and high-bandwidth high-speed network transmission applications to ensure current and future network system requirements.
Voice system: Although the voice system is now not only a traditional telephone service, but also a variety of services such as ISDN, the adoption of ultra-quino-type logarithmic copper cables can fully meet the communication technology requirements of the next 10 to 15 years. Therefore, the voice vertical trunk uses ultra-five large logarithmic copper cables.
5. Information point configuration
The configuration of information points is mainly based on the design specification of integrated wiring, the owner's demand for voice and data terminal equipment and the reservation of certain information points.
With reference to the use of integrated wiring information points in some domestic traffic management buildings, the command center office buildings, the 1st to 3rd floor office halls are 5 to 6 information points, 10m2, and the network centers are 7 to 8 information points, 10m2. It is 3 to 4 information points/10m2. For areas where the current use of the building is unknown, according to its specific location, basic settings and enhanced settings respectively. The building has a total of about 5896 information points. There are 2531 voice points, 3365 data points, and 156 fiber-to-desktop points.
6. Major equipment configuration
At present, there are many models for the production of integrated wiring at home and abroad, which are mainly divided into three major factions: Europe, North America, China, and Taiwan. Party A selected the products of the American company Simon in our company's recommended equipment.
The specific configuration is as follows: The voice system and the data system in each work area subsystem adopt six types of information modules and can be used in a network environment with a transmission rate of 100 MHz. The purpose of using the six types of information modules simultaneously in the voice system and the data system is that the two systems can backup each other and improve the flexibility and expandability of the system; the data subsystems and voice systems in the horizontal subsystem all use six types of four-pair twisted pairs. 8-core multimode fiber (where two cores are available) is used for optical fiber-to-desktop information points; 50 pairs of ultra-fifth large-log-pair cables are used for voice trunks in the vertical subsystem; 24-core multimode fiber is used for data backbones; and the management subsystem mainly uses cabinets. The installation method, that is, the voice distribution frame and the data distribution frame are placed in a 19-inch standard cabinet (the voice system uses a rack type distribution frame, and the data system uses a fiber distribution box for the termination of the trunk wiring, and 24 ports. Six types of patch panels are used for the termination of horizontal wiring).
7. Optical fiber monitoring: In the optical fiber monitoring of this project, the card type OTDR meter and optical power meter are used, and the optical switch is monitored. When the optical output power of the tested optical fiber is too strong to affect the test result, the optical attenuator is automatically connected in the optical fiber test link. (eg DB-2900) to get accurate test results.
The optical power meter of the monitoring station monitors and collects the optical power of the tested optical fiber, and reports the collected data to the optical power control unit. The optical power control unit compares and analyzes the monitored optical power data and will exceed the optical power of the alarm threshold. Data is transmitted to the monitoring center. The monitoring center compares, analyzes, and statistics the data transmitted by each optical power meter, and generates alarms and statistics for changes in the optical power at which thresholds are exceeded. The fault light section is judged and the optical time domain reflectometer of the monitoring station is automatically and quickly started. (OTDR) and Programmable Switches (OSW) are used to test the faulty optical cable, and the tested curve data is uploaded to the monitoring center. The monitoring center compares the test curve with the reference curve to determine the location, type, and alarm level of the fault point. Various alarm modes can be used.
three. Traffic Building (BMS)
Building intelligent management system (BMS) realizes the integrated management of the overall operation of building equipment. The BAS system uses a control network and the fieldbus has two levels of control network structure. The structure is shown below.
In the monitoring center and the lower nodes, the universal monitoring configuration software controx2000 developed by Beijing Huafu Huitong Technology Co., Ltd. was selected as the monitoring platform.
The control network adopts TCP/IP protocol for data transmission. The Lonworks and MODBUS standard communication protocols are used for the lower fieldbus. The control network connects the system data server through the TCP/IP protocol, monitors the computer system such as the operation station, and is used for the monitoring of on-site equipment, data collection, summary processing and storage. Because the price of Lonworks device is too expensive, the field control bus adopts two bus structures of Lonworks and modbus from the perspective of saving engineering cost. For digital direct controllers (DDC), smart meters, actuators, etc. that participate in the control and regulation of field devices. Use Lonworks field control bus to connect. For the power parameters that are only displayed in the monitoring center and not involved in the control, the MODBUS is used to connect and upload the collected data. Between the control network and the fieldbus, a network connector (Open PLC) of Ju Teng Company of Taiwan is used for connection to realize the upload of on-site data and the transmission of the upper operating instructions.
For security systems, fire-fighting systems, elevator management, and subordinate controllers, the subsystems are connected through various software (OPC, ODBC) and hardware (serial, hub) interfaces. The communication interface connects the subsystems of fire protection, security, power distribution, water supply and drainage, elevators, central air-conditioning, and energy consumption statistics of the entire building, through data exchange and network communication, and carries out unified and integrated management, making the entire building efficient and reasonable. Operation.
The following is a brief description of the monitoring functions of the traffic building BA:
In the BA Building of the Transportation Building, the main components include: power supply (high- and low-voltage substations, AC low-voltage power distribution, DC power supply); electromechanical equipment (central air-conditioning, water supply and drainage, elevators, lighting); fire-fighting systems; safety defense systems; air quality Testing; Parking Management; Energy Monitoring Statistics System. Divided by monitoring nodes, can be divided into the following 9 nodes.
1. Supply and Distribution Monitoring:
1). High-voltage side detection items: High-voltage line switch main switch status and fault status; high-voltage three-phase current into the line; high-voltage line AB BC CA line voltage detection; frequency detection; Power factor detection; power detection; Transformer temperature detection; The above parameters are sent to the monitoring nodes of the power supply and distribution system, which are automatically monitored and recorded by the system to provide the power management personnel with high-voltage operation data for easy management and analysis. Monitor the status of the main switch, alarm occurs in a timely manner. Monitor the power usage of the building. The change of load is easy for management personnel to analyze.
2). Low-voltage side detection items: Transformer secondary side of the main switch of the state and fault state; transformer secondary side AB, BC, CA line voltage; bus-coupler switch state and fault state; bus connected three-phase current; Low-voltage distribution switch-disconnected state and fault state; Three-phase voltage, current, power, harmonic voltage, inrush current, and power parameters of each low-voltage distribution switchboard; graphical simulation on the display of the central control room building automation system The system diagram of power supply and distribution and the topology diagram of power distribution are presented. If there are any problems in the power supply and distribution system, the management personnel can immediately find out and quickly determine the location of the fault so as to deal with the problem in time. Controx2000 (open object) software analyzes and judges the collected power parameters, pre-alarms the components and lines that are about to fail, reacts and transmits them at the upper level, and takes effective actions against the components that are to fail. Safeguard. The faulty components are automatically locked on the screen, and the voice component number prompts. The above monitoring content is displayed on the monitoring main screen in the form of a table, and can be stored, printed, or stored. The mode can be selected: timing (the storage cycle can be manually set); filtering storage (for every certain time The stored power parameter is judged. If there is no abnormal change, it will be recorded in the last record of the timed continuous record. If there is an abnormal deviation in the power parameter during this period, the entire record will be completely preserved for analysis. Judgment use. This can reduce the database capacity of the power parameters and optimize the monitoring system's running time.
Generally in the upper position, the power equipment is only monitored and not controlled, but when an emergency occurs, an operation interface to the power equipment is provided in the upper position. The power monitoring node must have high authority when performing the operation of the power element in the upper position. When each element is operated, a prompt screen pops up, and there is a voice switch number prompt of the operation element, which enables the operator to make further judgments. Each operation records the operator's job number and operation contents and records them as read-only files.
When the power consumption of the building load changes, the upper monitoring node can adjust the number of transformers to be switched on and off according to the collected power parameters, save energy, and reduce building management costs.
Because the high- and low-voltage power distribution rooms adopt the unsupervised mode, the 4- to 6-channel video signals are connected in the high- and low-voltage power distribution rooms. When a fire occurs, it can be monitored in real time, which helps to extinguish the fire. This function can be realized with the help of open software with domestic advanced video screen display plug-in unit (real monitoring of the monitored object when there are one or more real-time video small screens on the monitored simulation main screen).
3). Emergency power generation section: Normally, in order to avoid the problem of power supply to the normal external power grid and cause building blackouts, diesel generators are used as backup power sources in the building. In the event of a fault, the diesel generator supplies power to ensure the use of electricity in fire-fighting facilities, elevators, emergency lighting and other facilities. The power distribution automation system of the traffic building does not control the power generation system and the switching system, but to ensure the normal operation of the emergency power generation device, the building automation system monitors some relevant parameters, such as the fuel level of the fuel tank, the state of each switch, and the battery voltage. Generated current, voltage, frequency, etc.
4). DC power supply The role of the DC battery pack is to generate DC 220V, 110V, 24V DC power. It is usually installed in a high-voltage distribution room to provide DC power for high-voltage main switch operation, protection, automatic devices, and accident lighting. In order to ensure the normal operation of the DC, the building automation system monitors the status of each switch. In particular, the voltage and current of the DC battery pack must be monitored and recorded. If abnormal conditions are detected, they must be handled in time. Since the parameters of the power distribution system are only monitored and not controlled, the KMD-5210 network controller of KMC is used, and the KMD-5220 input card is most suitable. This configuration can have up to 128 input points, and its input A/D conversion can be up to 16 bits, so it can acquire data very accurately. It can also store 256 alarms and 96 curve records. Each input point of its input card can be arbitrarily changed by software and dial switch, and can be set to DI, 0-5V, 4-20mA and so on. KMC also provides a variety of power converters or transmitters, such as voltage transmitters, current transmitters, power transmitters, etc., which convert the power signal to a standard signal, such as 0-5V, 4- 20mA for DDC acceptance.
2. Central air conditioning, ventilation system monitoring:
In the mechanical and electrical equipment of the traffic building, the central air-conditioning is the first major power consumer. The ultimate goal of the central air-conditioning monitoring is to achieve a real sense of energy-saving control under the premise of ensuring the stable operation of the central air-conditioning. From the viewpoint of energy conservation and environmental protection, the central air conditioner's working mode uses frequency conversion. Controx2000 is the only software in the domestic monitoring configuration software that can realize the true meaning of the upper software logic function. For a very complex controlled object, an expert algorithm is used in the upper configuration to improve the control accuracy and achieve a satisfactory control effect.
In the monitoring of the electromechanical equipment of the transportation building, the central air-conditioning control adopts a hybrid application of a DDC controller (auxiliary standby) and upper software logic (using fuzzy control) to achieve its energy-saving control without increasing any other hardware cost. Reduce the energy consumption of central air conditioning in buildings. After the central air-conditioning system of the transportation building is put into operation, it can achieve a 40% energy saving performance index.
The central air-conditioning monitoring can be divided into two parts: the central air-conditioning water circulation system, and the central air conditioning air-conditioning system.
The water circulation regulation of the central air-conditioning system mainly includes the frequency conversion monitoring of cooling (heat supply) pumps, cooling water pumps, start-stop monitoring, and fault monitoring; the monitoring of the start-up and shutdown of cooling towers, faults, etc.; and the working status of the water inlet and outlet butterfly valves. Monitoring; monitoring and regulation of parameters such as cooling and heating. The air conditioning of the central air-conditioning system mainly includes the monitoring and adjustment of the opening state of the fan, the coil, and the delivery (return) flap, the monitoring of the working status of the filter, and the monitoring and adjustment of the working status of the humidifier.
The upper control of the central air-conditioning water circulation system and the air-conditioning system mainly depends on the temperature and humidity of the collection site, the parameters of the air-conditioning operation, and the control data is transmitted to the DDC controller after the upper-level soft logic unit module is calculated. Or PLC to adjust the equipment to achieve energy-saving effect.
Ventilation and smoke extraction system (including toilet roof exhaust system, underground engine room, air defense and underground garage send/discharge system, and air-conditioning fresh air intake system, smoke release system, smoke exhaust system and pressurized air supply system) The operating status of each fan, fault status, for centralized monitoring.
3. Water supply and drainage system:
Considering energy conservation, the water supply and drainage system adopts a variable frequency operation mode.
The monitoring of water supply and drainage is mainly to collect the working parameters of the water supply and drainage system, monitor the water pool, the level of water in the sewage pool, and the circulation status of the pipe network (plugging, leakage). The status of the sewage filter, the working status and fault status of the pump, etc., to ensure the normal operation of the equipment. In the upper level, sewage and water supply can be controlled in an emergency, and a clear accident location can be determined in the event of a pipe network leak and sewage blockage. Ensure the rapid progress of maintenance work.
4. Elevator cluster management system
The traffic system of the transportation building uses 6 Mitsubishi elevators. The cluster management of the elevator is realized through the networking of the communication interface and the elevator control system. The cluster management of the elevator is mainly to display the elevator running status, fault status, floor number display during elevator operation, elevator start/stop control, accumulated elevator running time, automatic reminder and maintenance information for the elevator arriving at a specified time, when a fire occurs. Elevators are required to stop at the first floor (fire extinguishers go out).
5. Lighting system monitoring:
Lighting equipment in the building is the second largest power consumer after the central air-conditioning system. The centralized monitoring of the lighting system must also consider its energy efficiency under the premise of ensuring lighting stability.
Traffic buildings can be divided into three types of lighting: office lighting, public area lighting, floodlighting. Office lighting refers to the lighting in a typical room. This part of the lighting uses the largest amount of electricity in the lighting system. Public area lighting refers to lighting in corridors, aisles, stairwells, garages, etc., including emergency lighting. Floodlighting refers to the appearance of a building that illuminates the exterior of the building in the evening to give the building a colorful illumination in the evening.
1). Energy-saving Lighting Control for Offices: Light dimming control is used in the energy saving mode of traffic buildings. Adjust the brightness of the light according to the brightness of natural light. KMC's PSR-1 photoresponders sense the brightness of natural light and convert it to a 4-20mA signal, which is sent to the DDC controller. The DDC controller processes the signal and outputs a control signal to the dimmer to adjust the light. brightness. This can soften the light, create a good visual environment for the people in the room, and save energy. At the same time, an infrared electronic eye is installed on each lamp row to detect the human body under the lamp. If no one enters its sensing range within one minute, then the brightness is reduced until it is still no longer in the sensing area after 10 minutes. Automatically closed.
2). Flood lighting control: In the traffic building downstairs, 50 spotlights of different colors were installed. The lighting monitoring node uses a time switch to control floodlighting. Set a timetable in the host monitoring system. Turn on the lights at 7:00 each evening and turn off the lights at 3:00 in the morning. You can manually set which lights to turn on in the upper control table and do not turn on the lights. These solutions are stored in the database of the upper monitoring node, and managers can adjust these solutions at any time.
3). Control of lighting in public areas: The method of controlling the lighting of public areas including corridors, stairwells, and garages is based on the timing control method. In addition to maintaining the necessary duty lighting after work, other lighting should be turned off to save energy. The lighting is controlled by KMC's KMD-5801 controller, which can be operated independently or connected to the network via Peer-to-Peer. It has 8 universal input channels and 8 universal output channels. One such controller can control up to 8 lighting switch points.
6. Air Quality Monitoring of Urban Rail Transit Environment:
On the 1st to 3rd floors of the traffic building is the centralized handling of documents for business halls. It is especially important for the air quality inspection of such a large crowd. The monitoring center of the business hall environment is the concentration of CO2 in the air, the temperature and humidity of the air, and a four-in-one gas monitoring instrument, such as combustible gas, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, and oxygen, added to the two layers with the most personnel flow, to monitor toxic gases. The instrument uses the Japanese New World XP-30211E. When the air environment is abnormal, it will react differently after being collected and confirmed by the upper position: start the fan, blow in oxygen and so on.
7. Parking Management System:
The parking management system is also part of the SA system for building security automation. A parking lot management operation station is set up in the toll collection center of the underground parking lot, and the BAS parking lot monitoring system is run on it. It is a completely graphical software system. In the system integration design, the parking lot operating station and the parking lot management node of the BAS central operating station are interconnected at the same level of network/Ethernet TCP/IP. Integrated features include:
1). Transfer the parking lot vehicle's flow and parking information to BAS.
2) Sending the equipment working status and control information to BAS.
3). Send charge information to BAS.
8. For the two nodes of the security and fire-fighting system, according to the relevant regulations of the state, the two systems are only monitored. Fire and security systems have their own separate hardware and software. The two independent systems are connected to the upper monitoring center via ODBC and send data upwards. The monitoring center shows the operation of these two systems.
Concluding remarks: The building automation system of the Traffic Building is now fully operational, using the controx2000 (open object) universal monitoring system support software as the upper monitoring platform, and the intelligent building of the traffic building built with well-known domestic manufacturers' hardware, both functionally and Both safety and stability have met the expected standards and met the needs of customers. At the same time, they have saved about 50% of the project cost compared with the use of foreign complete sets of equipment.