DVB standard detailed introduction
1. Development principles and processes
The DVB standard is published by the European Telecommunications Standards Association (ETSI, European TelecommunicaTIons Standards), and there is almost daily collaboration between the two organizations. ETSI, CENELEC (Centre for Electrotechnical Standards) and EBU (European BroadcasTIng Union) have established a joint technical committee (JTC) to deal with the DVB standard family.
(1) Development of DVB standard
The Commercial Module compiles a series of User Requirements for each specification. They are constraints on the norm. User demand outlines market parameters (price range, user functions, etc.) for a DVB system. The technical module (Technical Module) then develops specifications according to these user needs. The approval process within DVB requires the commercial module to be able to support the specification before it is finally approved by the Steering Board. After being approved by the steering committee, the DVB specification shall be provided to relevant international standard entities (ETSI or CENELEC), ITU-R, ITU-T and digital audio through the EBU / ETSI / CENELEC JTC (Joint Technical Committee) The Video Committee (DAVIC) standardizes.
(2) DVB standardization principles
The following principles are the characteristics of the standardization efforts of the DVB project:
l Openness
The DVB system was developed with the unanimous consent of the Technical Module Working Group. The members of the working group are elected through the engineering committee meeting. Once the standards are published on ETSI (http: //), they are nominally available to everyone. Open standards allow manufacturing and broadcast companies to implement innovative and value-added services. The application of DVB technology has spread to the world.
l Interoperability
Because the DVB standard is open, all manufacturers who produce systems consistent with this standard can ensure that their DVB equipment and DVB equipment of other manufacturers work together, which increases the intrinsic value of CE equipment for consumers. In addition, due to the utmost consideration of versatility when designing standards, and based on the universal MPEG-2 encoding system, they can be transmitted from one medium to another without difficulty, which has a complex distribution today. It is a common thing in a global environment. DVB signal can be easily transmitted from satellite to cable, cable to land and consumer equipment, and it does not cost much.
l Flexibility
Because MPEG-2 packets are used as "data containers" and key DVB service information is used to encapsulate and identify these packets, DVB can be delivered to almost everything that can be digitized at home, whether it is high-resolution TV, multi-channel standard resolution TV (PAL, NTSC or SECAM), or even new exciting broadband multimedia data and interactive services provided by the DVB multimedia home platform.
l Motivation to lead the market
Compared with the earlier motives in Europe and America, the DVB project was carried out in accordance with strict business requirements, which were established by organizations dedicated to meeting this demand every day. It is not a motive (top-down) driven by managers or governments. Acting on strict time standards and strict market demand means that a considerable economic scale can be achieved, which will ensure that in the process of industrial to digital transformation, radio stations, manufacturers and the public will benefit from it.
According to the scope of facilities involved, it can be divided into two parts: infrastructure and information structure.
1. Infrastructure / Transmission
(1) Broadcast transmission (satellite, cable, land, ...);
(2) Service Information (SI, Service InformaTIon);
(3) The return path of interactive services.
2. Information structure / middleware
Mainly a multimedia home platform, including API (application programming interface).
According to the processing object, it can be divided into:
l Audio (audio
)
l Conditional access (CA, condiTIonal access
)
l Operation guide (cookbook
)
l Interaction
l Interface technology (interfacing
)
l Measurement standard
)
l Multimedia home platform (mhp)
l Multiplexing
l Sub-titling
l Transmission
(2) Standard description
Audio
DVB is basically based on the MPEG-2 system. Therefore, audio inherits the recommended standards for stereo and surround sound in MPEG-2. However, MPEG-2 audio is specified in ISO / IEC13818-3, and TR 101 154 specifies the minimum requirements for baseline receiver interoperability. Sometimes, radio stations may prefer to use Solby AC-3 audio for surround sound. The choice of this implementation is described in TR 101 154, TR 101 211, and EN 300 468.
2. Conditional access
Conditional access is not completely formulated in DVB, but a series of tools enable DVB users to propose the most practical and efficient mechanism for their market. For the entire "DVB CA package", the key is the DVB Common Scrambling Algorithm (CSA, Common Scrambling Algorithm), which is available for ETSI.
In DVB, there are two CA interoperability schemes:
lSimulCrypt. In this mechanism, a single transport stream can contain several CA systems, which will help different CA decoding programs (possibly install different CA systems) to receive and correctly decode the same video and audio streams.
lMulticrypt. Around the parsing of the public interface specification, this public interface allows users to manually exchange between CA systems when installed in a set-top box or TV. Therefore, when the viewer is faced with a CA system that is not installed in his box, he simply exchanges cards.
About DVB standard
:
DVB-CS
title | ETSI reference | version | Blue Book Reference |
Support scrambling and conditional access in digital broadcasting systems | ETR 289 | A007 (02/97) | |
DVB public scrambling distribution agreement | A011 Rev. 1 (06/96) |
DVB-SIM
title | ETSI Reference | version | Blue Book Reference |
DVB SimulCrypt Part 1; Head-end architecture and synchronization | TS 101 197-1 | A028 (05/97) | |
SimulCrypt's head-end implementation | TS 103 197 | A045 |
3. Operation guide
For such a set of complex specifications and standards covering all digital TV fields, from pure video and audio transmission on a large number of transmission media to complex interactive media applications, it is necessary to give a comprehensive guide. DVB's "Operation Guide" is such a guide.
DVB-Guide
title | ETSI Reference | version | Blue Book Reference |
Guidelines for using DVB specifications and standards | TR 101 200 | A020 (02/97) |
4. Interaction
Since the birth of DVB, interactive applications have been considered the cornerstone of a new generation of digital TV. DVB has divided its interactive service package into a set of network independent protocols and a series of specific media return channel specifications.
For example, DVB-Return Channel Through Cable Specification (DVB-RCC) is the product of a long-term cooperation between DVB and Digital Audio Video Interactive Council (DAVIC), which provides a Interactive services can be achieved on a cable network with a bidirectional bit rate of 3 Mbit / s. Traditional telephone interactive functions and more complex satellite interactive systems also have corresponding specifications.
About DVB standard
:
DVB-NIP
title | ETSI Reference | version | Blue Book Reference |
DVB Interactive Service Network Independent Protocol | ETS 300 802 | A021 (02/97) | |
DVB Interactive Service Network Independent Protocol Implementation and Usage Guide | TR 101 194 | A026 (05/97) |
DVB-RCC
title | ETSI reference | version | Blue Book Reference |
Cable TV Distributed System Interaction Channel (CATV) | ETS 300 800 | A023 (02/97) | |
Interaction channel (CATV) of the cable TV distributed system; user guide for ETS 300 800 | TR 101 196 | A031 (03/98) | |
Cable TV Distributed System Interaction Channel (CATV) | ES 200 800 | A023 Amendment 1 (06/99) |
DVB-RCCS
title | ETSI reference | version | Blue Book Reference |
Satellite Master Antenna TV (SMATV, Satellite Master Antenna TV) distributed system interaction channel; regional guide based on satellite and coaxial cable | TR 101 201 | A034 (03/98) |
DVB-RCD
title | ETSI reference | version | Blue Book Reference |
Through the interactive channel of Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) | TR 101 201 | A034 (03/98) |
DVB-RCG
title | ETSI reference | version | Blue Book Reference |
Through the interactive channel of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) | EN 301 195 | A043 (06/99) |
DVB-RCL
title | ETSI reference | version | Blue Book Reference |
Local Multipoint Distribution System Interaction Channel (LMDS, Local Multipoint Distribution System) distributed system | EN 301 199 | A032 Rev. 1 (06/99) | |
Local multipoint distributed system DVB interaction channel (LMDS) distributed system implementation and usage guide | TR 101 205 |
DVB-RCP
title | ETSI reference | version | Blue Book Reference |
Through the interactive channel of public switched remote communication network (PSTN, Public Switched Telecommunications Network) / integrated services digital network (ISDN, Integrated Services Digital Networks) | ETS 300 801 | A022 (02/97) |
DVB-RCS
title | ETSI reference | version | Blue Book Reference |
Interaction of distributed satellite systems | EN 301 790 | A054 (05/00) |
5. Interface technology
The key to any TV system is interoperability, which is especially important in the digital age. Interface technology is the key to this field. DVB provides a range of interface options for professionals, IRDs, and conditional access applications. DVB professional interface (EN 50083-9) can be divided into parallel and asynchronous serial interfaces. The IRD interface (EN 50221) includes a set of standard interfaces, which are used on DVB set-top boxes (such as RS-232), video connections, SCART, etc. Finally, the DVB universal interface (EN 50201), based on a PCMCIA connector, is the key to the Multicrypt conditional access scheme.
About DVB standard
:
DVB-ATM
standard | ETSI reference | version | Blue Book Reference |
ATM signal processing guide in DVB system | TR 100 815 | A044 (06/99) |
DVB-CI
standard | ETSI Reference | version | Blue Book Reference |
General interface specification for conditional access and other digital video broadcasting decoder applications | EN 50221 (CENELEC) | A017 (05/96) | |
DVB decoder application general interface implementation and use guide | R 206 001 (CENELEC) | A025 (05/97) | |
General interface specification extension | TS 101 699 | A053 (05/99) |
DVB-HAN
title | ETSI Reference | version | Blue Book Reference |
Home access network (HAN, Home Access Network) with active network termination (NT, Network Termination) | TS 101 224 | A039 (08/98) |
DVB-HLN
title | ETSI Reference | version | Blue Book Reference |
Home Local Network (HLN) in In-Home Digital Network (IHDN) | TS 101 225 |
DVB-IRDI
title | ETSI reference | version | Blue Book Reference |
DVB-IRDs interface | EN 50201 (CENELEC) | A016 Rev. 1 (02/97) | |
DVB-IRDs interface | TM 102 201 | A016 Rev. 2 (06/99) |
DVB-PDH
title | ETSI reference | version | Blue Book Reference |
DVB interface of Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) network | ETS 300 813 | A018 (02/97) |
DVB-PI
title | ETSI reference | version | Blue Book Reference |
Interface of CATV / SMATV head end and similar professional equipment | EN 50083-9 (1998) | A010 Amendment 1 (05/97) | |
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB, Digital Video Broadcasting); professional interface: DVB asynchronous serial interface (ASI, Asynchronous Serial Interface) implementation and use guide | TR 101 891 | A055 |
DVB-SDH
title | ETSI Reference | version | Blue Book Reference |
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) network interface | ETS 300 814 | A019 (02/97) |
6. Measurement
ETR 290 is one of the most important DVB specifications. It outlines the measurement technology outline and is compatible with DVB / MPEG transport streams and satellite, cable and terrestrial transmission systems. It is the foundation of many measurement equipment and one of the keys to the successful realization of DVB's inclusion of multi-vendor equipment.
A set of documents exists, and DVB often monitors their implementation and the generation of new standards to ensure the existence and implementation of appropriate measurement guidelines.
DVB standards include:
DVB-M
title | ETSI reference | version | Blue Book Reference |
Usage of DVB test and measurement signaling channel (PID 0x001D) embedded in an MPEG-2 Transport Stream (TS) | TR 101 291 | A046 (06/99) | |
Measurement guidelines for DVB systems | TR 101 290 |
7. Multimedia home platform
Multimedia Home Platform (MHP, Multimedia Home Platform) is a series of measures designed to achieve a harmonious transition from analog TV to digital interactive multimedia in the future. MHP is based on a series of Java Application Programming Interfaces (APIs, Application Programming Interfaces) for DVB set-top boxes, allowing a home platform to facilitate integration.
There are more than 100 pages of MHP that define application lifetime, security, and data download mechanisms for enhanced broadcasting, interaction, and truly complete Internet applications.
DVB standards include:
DVB-MHP
title | ETSI Reference | version | Blue Book Reference |
Digitsl Video Broadcasting (DVB) Multimedia Home Platform (MHP) | TS 101 812 | A057 (05/00) |
8. Multiplexing
MPEG-2 is the foundation of DVB video, audio and transmission. However, the MPEG-2 specification does not provide all the information needed to ensure interoperability, data broadcasting, and true dispatch delivery in a television system. Therefore, DVB defines a set of guidelines for implementing MPEG-2 in DVB (TR 101 154), covering the minimum requirements for interoperability of baseline SDTV, HDTV and professional DVB IRD.
In addition, DVB has extended the MPEG-2 system specification (ISO / IEC 13818-1) to become a complete Service Information specification (DVB-SI).
Data broadcasting is a key application of digital TV. DVB uses the elements of MPEG-2 Digital Storage Media-Command and Control (DSM-CC, Digital Storage Media-Command and Control) and has produced specifications and guidelines. These are now the world ’s The basis of most data broadcasting applications.
DVB standards include:
DVB-DATA
title | ETSI reference | version | Blue Book Reference |
Specification for data broadcasting | EN 301 192 | A027 Rev. 1 (06/99) | |
Specification for data broadcasting; Guidelines for the use of EN 301 192 | TR 101 202 | A047 (06/99) |
DVB-MPEG
title | ETSI Reference | version | Blue Book Reference |
Implementation guidelines for the use of MPEG-2 Systems, Video and Audio in satellite, cable and terrestrial broadcasting applications | TR 101 154 | A001 Rev. 6 (05/00) | |
Implementation Guidelines for the use of MPEG-2 Systems, Video and Audio in Contribution Applications | TR 102 154 |
DVB-SI
title | ETSI Reference | version | Blue Book Reference |
Specification for Service Information (SI) in DVB systems | EN 300 468 | A038 (03/98) | |
Guidelines on implementation and usage of Service Information (SI) | TR 101 211 | A005 Rev. 2 (05/00) |
DVB-TXT
title | ETSI Reference | version | Blue Book Reference |
Specification for conveying ITU-R System B Teletext in DVB bitstreams | EN 300 472 | A041 (06/99) |
DVB-VBI
title | ETSI Reference | version | Blue Book Reference |
Standard for conveying VBI data in DVB bitstreams | EN 301 775 | A056 (11/00) |
9. Subtitling
The DVB subtitle specification is a bit-mapped subtitle system that can carry much more complex information than analog systems, such as bitmapped logos. It supports all widely used languages ​​and is the cornerstone of many digital TV applications in the world.
DVB standards include:
DVB-SUB
title | ETSI Reference | version | Blue Book Reference |
Subtitle system | ETS 300 743 | A009 (10/95) |
10. Transmission
The core of the DVB system is its series of transmission specifications. The first specification is DVB-S, the DVB satellite transmission standard, based on QPSK, which is now the de facto digital TV application world satellite transmission standard. DVB-C, the cable delivery mechanism (cable delivery), is closely related to DVB-S, is based on 64-QAM, and of course supports higher-order modulation schemes.
DVB-T (terrestrial transmission) is the youngest of the three core systems of DVB. It is based on COFDM (Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) and QPSK, 16 QAM and 64 QAM, and is the most complex and flexible digital terrestrial transmission system available today. DVB-T allows service providers to match or even improve the coverage of analog TV without much effort. It extends the scope of digital terrestrial television to the mobile field (which was previously considered impossible!), Or to integrate with other digital systems.
Associated with these three core standards is a set of implementation guidelines and document plans designed for microwave digital TV submission.
DVB standards include:
DVB-C
title | ETSI reference | version | Blue Book Reference |
Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for cable systems | EN 300 429 | A035 (03/98) |
DVB-DSNG
title | ETSI reference | version | Blue Book Reference |
Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for Digital Satellite News Gathering (DSNG) and other contribution applications by satellite | EN 301 210 | A049 (06/99) | |
Co-ordination channels associated with Digital Satellite News Gathering (DSNG) | EN 301 222 | A050 (06/99) | |
User guideline for Digital Satellite News Gathering (DSNG) and other contribution applications by satellite | TR 101 221 | A051 (06/99) | |
DSNG Commercial User Requirements | A033 (03/99) |
DVB-MC
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