Original title: The world's first light-quantum computer surpasses the early classical computer was born in China
On May 3, the Chinese Academy of Sciences held a press conference in Shanghai to announce that the world’s first light-quantum computer that surpassed the early classical computer was born in China.
Pan Jianwei, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a professor at the University of Science and Technology of China, and colleagues Lu Chaoyang and Zhu Xiaobo, together with Professor Wang Haohua's research group at Zhejiang University, recently made a series of breakthroughs in quantum computer research based on photonic and superconducting systems. In terms of optical systems, the research team used the high-quality quantum dot single-photon source to build the world's first single-photon quantum computer that surpasses the earlier classical computers, based on the realization of the ten-photon entanglement manipulation for the first time in 2016. In the superconducting system, the research team broke the previous manipulation of the nine superconducting qubits publicly reported by Google, NASA and the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), and realized the current world. The entanglement of the maximum number of ten superconducting qubits and the realization of a quantum algorithm for solving linear equations on a superconducting quantum processor. Related series of results were published in international academic journals Natural-Photonics and Physical Review Letters.
Quantum computing uses the principle of quantum coherent superposition. In theory, it has super-fast parallel computing and simulation capabilities. The computational power increases exponentially with the number of manipulated particles, which can provide an effective solution to the large-scale computational problems that classical computers cannot solve. A quantum computer that operates 50 microscopic particles can handle more specific problems than a supercomputer. Quantum computing technology mainly realizes the coherent manipulation of large-scale quantum bits by developing high-precision, high-efficiency quantum state preparation and interaction control technologies. Due to its enormous potential value, European and American countries are actively integrating various research forces and resources to carry out collaborative research. At the same time, large-scale high-tech companies such as Google, Microsoft and IBM are also strongly involved in quantum computing research.
The manipulation of multi-particle entanglement as the technical commanding point of quantum computing has always been the focus of international competition. In terms of the photonic system, Pan Jianwei's team has always maintained an international advanced level in the area of ​​multi-photon entanglement, and at the end of 2016, the record was refreshed to ten photons. On this basis, the team used a self-developed, internationally-optimized quantum dot single-photon source with an internationally-optimized overall performance to construct a prototype of a light quantum computation for multi-photon "Bose sampling" tasks through electronically controlled programmable photonic quantum circuits. Experimental tests have shown that the “Bose Sampling†of this prototype not only accelerates at least 24,000 times faster than any similar experiments of its international counterparts. At the same time, compared with the classic algorithm, it is also the first electronic tube computer (ENIAC) and the first in human history. The Taiwan transistor computer (TRADIC) runs 10-100 times faster. On May 2, the research results were published online in the form of long texts in Nature-Photonics. This is the first single-photon-based quantum simulator that surpasses the early classical computer in history. It has laid a solid foundation for the ultimate achievement of quantum computing that exceeds the capabilities of classical computing, a goal that the international academic community calls “quantitative hegemonyâ€. . Towards this goal, the Pan Jianwei team plans to implement about 20 light qubit manipulations by the end of this year.
In terms of superconducting systems, in 2015, Google, NASA, and UCSB announced the implementation of high-precision manipulation of 9 superconducting qubits, which was first broken by a team of Chinese scientists in 2017. Zhu Xiaobo, Wang Haohua, Lu Chaoyang, Pan Jianwei and others have independently developed a 10-bit superconducting quantum circuit sample. Through high-precision pulse control and global entanglement operations, the multi-body pure entanglement of the world's largest number of superconducting qubits is successfully realized. , and complete description of the 10-bit quantum state by tomography. The research team further used superconducting quantum circuits to demonstrate a quantum algorithm for solving linear equations, and proved the feasibility of solving the linear equations through the parallelism of quantum computing. The relevant results will be published in the "Physical Review Letters." The research team is currently working on the design, preparation, and testing of 20 superconducting qubit samples, and plans to release the quantum cloud computing platform before the end of this year.
The above-mentioned work was completed by the collaboration of China University of Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, and the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the Ministry of Education's 2011 plan.
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