“Energy storage†can be said to be the hottest keyword in the new energy industry. The energy storage applications are mainly concentrated on the peak of renewable energy power generation, distributed energy and microgrid, power auxiliary services, power quality FM, and electric vehicle replacement. Electricity, etc., is the key to solving the new energy power storage, and therefore it is favored by enterprises.
As the standards of the energy storage industry have not yet been formulated, there is a great disagreement in the direction of energy storage technologies. At present, the mainstream energy storage technologies on the market mainly include lithium-ion batteries, sodium-sulfur batteries, lead-acid batteries, vanadium flow batteries, flywheel energy storage, photovoltaic wind energy storage, etc. The energy storage technology debate has existed for several years, according to the current storage. From the perspective of the development of technology, lead carbon and lithium battery storage are expected to lead other technologies to large-scale promotion, which may be the main development idea for energy storage in the future. But no matter what kind of energy storage method, the basic principle of energy storage and power generation is the same.
1.1 Demand for the energy storage industrySince the ancient times, demand has driven the development of the industry. What is the demand for the energy storage industry?
· The traditional power grid is gradually maturing and aging, and the installed capacity has an upper limit, which cannot continue to increase;
· Grid efficiency needs to be improved;
· The importance of electricity is increasingly prominent;
· High-power power systems are increasingly demanding power grids;
For these reasons, the development of energy storage is imperative.
Energy storage, also known as energy storage, refers to the process of converting energy into a relatively stable form of existence under natural conditions. It includes both natural and artificial: natural energy storage, such as plants through the photosynthesis, the conversion of solar radiant energy into chemical energy; artificial energy storage, such as the winding of mechanical clocks, the conversion of mechanical work Save for potential energy. According to the form of energy in the storage state, it can be divided into mechanical energy storage, chemical energy storage, electromagnetic energy storage (or storage), wind energy storage, and water energy storage. Energy storage related to heat is called heat storage. The forms of various energies, storage methods and delivery methods are shown in the table below.
The test method of energy storage power generation is basically the same as that of photovoltaic power generation. In addition to the parameters of photovoltaic power generation efficiency, power consumption, harmonics, etc., battery internal resistance test and battery loss test are also required.
The energy storage system is basically consistent with the problems encountered by new energy sources during power generation, such as harmonic problems, reactive and voltage problems, and island problems.
1.3.1 Harmonic problems
The energy storage power generation system is mainly connected directly to the grid through the inverter. Such direct grid connection operation is prone to many problems, such as:
1. Harmonics, three-phase imbalance and other issues;
2. The randomness of the output power is easy to cause grid voltage fluctuations and flicker;
3. The distributed generation system is directly connected to the grid on the user side, and the power quality problem will directly affect the safety of the user's electrical equipment.
At present, the energy storage system is mainly used in foreign countries, so the harmonic test standard VDE-AR-N4105 issued by Germany is very marked with a threshold. This standard stipulates that a total of 178 harmonics need to be tested before the new energy inverter is connected to the grid. The value is then judged by the value to determine whether it exceeds the standard. Once the over-standard is found, the grid is absolutely not allowed.
1.3.2 Island problem
The islanding effect means that when the grid power supply trips due to a voltage abnormality due to a fault or power failure maintenance, the grid-connected inverter power generation system of each user end fails to detect the power outage state immediately and cuts itself off from the mains network. An island condition of self-contained power consisting of the energy storage system and the surrounding load is then formed.
In addition to the two points mentioned above, there are many, such as low voltage ride through problems, resonance and so on. The comprehensive development of the energy storage industry is a long-term task, and it is only just beginning. What Zhiyuan Electronics can do is to work hard to develop new technologies, and then launch a series of excellent instruments to help the country promote the development of new energy and make a little contribution. For example, the power analyzer can do a series of tests for the PV inverter, harmonics, low voltage ride through, anti-island test, etc., interested friends can pay attention.
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