At the heart of the Prius is the power output device, the planetary gearbox, which couples the electric engine, generator and electric motor together (Figure 6). In a parallel hybrid system, this allows the vehicle to operate independently of the electric motor, or it can be powered independently by the gasoline engine, or both.
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This split power plant allows the vehicle to operate with a series hybrid system. Thus, the gasoline engine can operate independently of the vehicle speed to charge the high voltage battery or to power the wheel if necessary. The device also assumes the function of a continuously variable transmission, eliminating the need for manual or automatic transmission. Since the split power unit launches the gasoline engine through the generator, the car does not require a starter.
The electronic motor is connected to the ring gear of the gear set and also to the differential that drives the wheels. Therefore, the rotation speed of the electronic motor and the ring gear determine the speed of the car. The generator is attached to the sun gear of the gear set and the engine is connected to the planet carrier. The speed of the ring gear is determined by three components, they must work simultaneously to control the output speed. All 32-bit microprocessor units are used in engine control modules (ECM), high voltage electrical control units (ECUs), battery ECUs, and brake control ECUs. This indicates an upgrade from the early 16-bit design. Interactive communication takes place via the controller area network bus. Advanced Battery Design The NiMH battery consists of 168 1.2V DC cells connected to each other with 28 battery modules to produce a nominal DC voltage of 201.6V. It is placed in an impact-resistant container and placed behind the car. Now, the battery has been continuously improved to the third generation. (The batteries used in Toyota's Lexus RH400h and Highlander sport utility vehicles are the fourth generation design.) Under the hood, there are engines, transmissions and hybrid drive axles. (Figure 7)
Toyota said that someone has asked about the battery life and replacement price. It should be noted that the battery pack and all hybrid components are considered to be part of the "car life". In either case, they are guaranteed 8 years or 100,000 miles. In the United States, the California-based emission standards have a longer warranty period (10 years and 150,000 miles). (California, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington, and the upcoming Oregon, all adopt this standard). Moreover, since the Prius was released in the United States five years ago, there are no batteries required to replace such failure instances. A Toyota spokesperson declared, "Our battery has been tested for 180,000 miles without a fault. The first generation of the Prius used as a taxi in the northwest of Atlantic City, the original battery has been used for more than 200,000 miles." Still, if it is in warranty If the battery fails outside, you should consider replacing it. Since there is no battery failure history, there is no battery replacement required cost, and energy reserve experts estimate the price is between $3,000 and $4,000. According to experts, "The key issue in battery life is good energy consumption monitoring. Reasonable use of batteries increases battery life (such as not having full charge and discharge, keeping it running at a reasonable temperature, etc.)." He used the Prius with high voltage. Battery co-design is seen as a milestone, but it must not be the ultimate and most economical solution for energy storage. He foresees that even newer technologies will make cars more efficient and environmentally friendly. Ultracapacitors are such a technology. They are not batteries. Specifically, they are ion energy storage devices that are 8 to 10 years longer than batteries. Moreover, they only occupy about 20% of the energy reserve capacity. But he believes that the Prius design has revolutionized the automatic energy reserve and low pollution technology. Of course, the gasoline-electric hybrid vehicle movement has only just begun, and there is indeed a considerable expansion. By 2008, other automakers are expected to enter this market. Recently, due to potential software glitch that could cause the car engine to stop or shut down, Toyota issued an autonomous recall for the 75,000 (160,000) Prius sold in the United States. According to Toyota, no accidents or accidental injuries have occurred. It is also said that the problem is very small and the company has successfully solved it.
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