Do you know the general safety requirements for LED lighting products?
Today, I would like to introduce to you the general safety requirements of LED lighting products. It means that LED lamps should be designed and manufactured so that they can work safely during normal use without harm to people or the surrounding environment.
Today, I would like to introduce to you the general safety requirements of LED lighting products. It means that LED lamps should be designed and manufactured so that they can work safely during normal use without harm to people or the surrounding environment.
For the safety of manufactured products, items must be 100% checked when shipped from the factory:
1. Identification / rated voltage, frequency, power, color temperature, etc.;
2. Lighting test / functional test;
3. Pressure resistance (absolute green strength) test;
4. Continuous grounding test.
Anti-shock protection is divided into:
Class 0 lamps: relying on basic insulation as a lamp for protection against electric shock, such countries are strictly prohibited from producing and selling;
Class I luminaires: The protection against electric shock of luminaires not only relies on basic insulation, but also includes additional safety measures, that is, accessible conductive parts are connected to the protective grounding conductors in the fixed wiring of the installation, making accessible conductive parts in case The basic insulation fails to be charged when it fails;
Class II luminaires: The protection against electric shock of luminaires not only relies on basic insulation, but also has additional safety measures such as double insulation or reinforced green, no protective earthing or measures dependent on installation conditions;
Class III luminaires: Protection against electric shock relies on a supply voltage that is safely low voltage and does not produce luminaires above the very low (SELV) voltage.
Many small factories have no safety awareness, and LED lamps can be lit. Many engineers say that LED lamps and lanterns can damage LED lamp beads when they are under pressure. This understanding is wrong and very unsafe. As a merchant, we must strictly control the quality of our products and meet the safety standards. What kind of pressure should be applied to the pressure during the production process?
Class I lamps are 2U+1000V/1 minute
LED lamp protection grounding continuity and protection against electric shock
1. Continuity of protective grounding of LED lamps (second and third types of lamps are not applicable)
The protective earthing terminal on the LED luminaire is between the most accessible parts that may become charged; the key to the protective grounding is the continuity of the grounding and the reliability of the grounding, so that the detected protective earthing continuity resistance is ≤0.5 ohms.
Then first determine which parts are to be protected from grounding, then solve the continuity between the parts that need protective grounding and the terminals.
1. It can be touched when the lamp is installed, and it can become a charged part when the insulation fails.
2. It is accessible when the luminaire is clean and can be turned into a live part when it fails.
3. The metal mounting surface where the safety components in the luminaire are located,
4. Metal surfaces that come into contact with or may come into contact with safety components (such as wires, controls) in the luminaire,
5. More importantly, we must ensure the continuity between them from the structure.
6. Conductors marked with yellow-green two-color lines, whether internal or external, should be connected only to the grounding terminal.
7. Use self-tapping screws to protect the continuity of the ground, as long as it does not interfere with the connection during normal use, and use at least two screws for each joint.
8. Aluminum and copper can not be directly connected to the ground, which will cause the contact resistance to increase due to electrochemical reaction, which affects the continuous low resistance of the ground.
9. Grounding resistance measurement, can be adjusted to 12V, 10A detection, resistance value ≤ 0.5 ohm,
Note: The continuity of grounding is mainly the above points, and the detailed national standards shall prevail.
2. Protection against electric shock
Look at a few pictures first
The figure above shows the basic insulation of the outer surface of the conductor. The basic insulation is the insulation that is applied to the live parts to provide basic protection against electric shock.
The figure above shows the additional insulation, additional insulation on the basic insulation, in order to provide protection against electric shock in the event of basic insulation failure.
The picture above is double green, double green, one insulation consisting of basic green and additional insulation.
The picture above shows (integrated plastic case) reinforced insulation, reinforced insulation, a single insulation system added to the live parts, which provides an anti-shock protection rating equivalent to double insulation.
Protection against electric shock
LED luminaires should be constructed so that when the LED luminaires are installed and wired as normal, and the LED light source (module) or electrical components must be replaced and the luminaire must be turned on, the live parts are inaccessible even if not hand-operated. Basic insulation parts should not be used on the outer surface of luminaires that are not protected against accidental contact.
1. The insulation properties of paint, enamel, paper and similar materials should not be relied upon to provide the required protection against electric shock and short-circuit protection;
2. Lamps equipped with capacitors larger than 0.5 uf capacitors shall be equipped with a discharge device so that the voltage between the lamps and the rated voltage is 1 min, and the voltage across the capacitors shall not exceed 50 V;
3. The cover and other components that provide protection against electric shock shall have sufficient mechanical strength and shall be securely fixed and will not loosen during normal operation;
4. Use the test finger to contact each possible location, apply a force of 10N if necessary, and use an electrical indicator to indicate contact with live parts. The movable parts, including the lampshade, should be placed in the most unfavorable position by hand. Location, if the movable parts are metal parts, they should not touch the live parts of the luminaire or LED light source (module).
Let's use a ceiling light to let everyone discuss and analyze the protection against electric shock.
Can such products comply with protection against electric shock? Some inspection agencies believe that they are qualified, and some believe that they are unqualified.
First of all, you have to judge whether it is a live part. If the power supply is a resistor-capacitor, non-isolated power supply, or a linear power supply, it is unqualified.
Cao Wei: The plastic sheet only covers the lamp bead. For non-isolated drives, the creepage distance should not be enough. If I am not mistaken, the plastic sheet is only covered on the edge of the lamp bead, which is definitely a judgement failure.
Li Xiwen: It should be a problem with the exposed screws.
Fu Haiyong:
1. There should be insulation sheets at the bottom of the terminal;
2. The lock aluminum substrate screws should have insulation sheets;
3. Aluminum substrate can not be seen
The plastic sheet covers the lamp bead or the light-proof lamp bead, the picture does not see
See the figure
If the plastic cover of the product is fixed with screws, the result is different.
Anti-electric shock protection safety special low voltage ≤ 50V, mechanical strength, as well as clearance, creepage distance, etc. are all factors to be considered.
Group interaction
Yuan Yuxiang: Why do some LED luminaires turn off the switch during the user's use?
There are two problems. One is that the product design has leakage (>10uA);
Second, when the user installs, the live and neutral wires are connected incorrectly, or the switch has indicators to form a loop.
Fu Haiyong: Residual power, add a bleeder resistor.
Li Xingliang: This is caused by electromagnetic interference.
Yuan Yuxiang: It is impossible to cause electromagnetic wave interference. No matter what strong electromagnetic wave, people can't stand it.
Adding a leakage resistor can only discharge and discharge the voltage on the capacitor, and it is not possible to discharge the power supply voltage.
Han Jianhua: Can you 24V? Why do you want 12V, 10A testing?
This should be selected according to the power of the detected object, not limited to 12V! International standards are also for reference only.
Yuan Yuxiang: 24V can be, but the national standard is 6~12v, the same is true for international standards. You are above the standard and it is an enterprise standard.
Therefore, we must be safe to put the lighting products first, the price is second, do not follow the Shenlong elevator to eat people's lighting products!
Product safety and quality are related to the personal safety of each user, and more related to the reputation and reputation of the manufacturer.
Say no to insecurity!
Start from me! Be a conscience LED product
Do you buy products that meet the safety standards?
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