At present, the most important use of industrial Ethernet is at the management and control level. And with special real-time Ethernet technology, it can meet application requirements with response time less than 1ms in motion control applications. For example, CIPsync, ProfiNet IRT, and ETHERNET Powerlink have all implemented such applications, so real-time problems can be considered as solved. The situation of security problems is also similar. The basic problem is an appropriate security protocol based on Ethernet transmission. Profisafe-based Profisafe and CIP Safety based on EtherNet/IP are about to be put into practical use.
Industrial Ethernet explosion protection
Industrial Ethernet has been widely used in factory automation. In the field of process control, the urgent problem to be solved is explosion protection. There are already switches that support Ex-Zone 2. However, implementing Ex-Zone 1 is the key to Ethernet's penetration into the field. Expensive cabinets have not been favored by users. What users need is an intrinsically safe switch. While maintaining the high speed of Ethernet, the inherent security features are the challenges of this technology. Perhaps the first intrinsically safe switch that was connected using twisted-pair cables will be available for some time. However, once this technology is realized, Industrial Ethernet will play a more important role in the field of process automation.
Future network topology
In bus systems, users are accustomed to daisy-chaining field devices. As a result, the Ethernet devices now produced by automation vendors are all compatible with daisy-chain technology, or two switch ports are installed on the field devices. However, compared with the use of independent industrial Ethernet switches, the exchange costs increase as the number of devices increases. Another disadvantage is that in case of traffic bursts, the daisy-chained switch throughput and bandwidth are limited because all users have to communicate through a common cable. The important advantage of the ring connection is that on the one hand, the wiring cost is reduced, and on the other hand, the link reliability can be improved. For example, when a place does not work normally, the communication is not affected. Therefore, it must be determined according to the application and needs which method is appropriate.
Let Switches Learn Automated Languages <br> Large automation vendors use their own Ethernet-based application protocols, similar to EtherNet/IP, Profinet, or Modbus/TCP. These protocols all support standard TCP/IP, so standard Industrial Ethernet switches can also be used in this type of application. The SNMP protocol has been widely used in commercial environments for switch configuration and diagnostics. However, the configuration tool used in automation does not support the SNMP protocol, so it is difficult to configure the corresponding switch. So Hirschman started to let switches learn the language of automation, and it would be possible to use the PLC, drive device, or I/O to configure the switch in the future. The biggest benefit to the user is that the network can be configured with familiar automation tools, and a complete bill of materials can also be easily created.
The importance of security growth <br> Since industrial Ethernet can achieve consistent data transmission from the management level to the field level, users only need to grasp a network technology, and at the same time, it also improves work efficiency. However, the unified network structure also bears certain risks because of the overall transparency of the network. For example: The IP address of a robot in the production line can be operated by any workstation. Therefore, there must be a set of clear rules defining the time and object of communication. Of course, it is not enough to only place a firewall at the company's exit to resist external attacks. Failures that result in a fatal or even downtime incident are often caused by internal misuse, so distributed security systems are critical in the automation field. Because of this, the entire system or system components can be divided into separate security units, with each security unit communicating through defined rules.
Wireless networks provide new applications <br> Wireless LAN (Wireless Local Area Networks) is now widely used in office environments. Mobility, flexibility, very easy to install, low cost, and these advantages of wireless communication make this technology gradually used in industrial environments. Now more and more WLANs have become a supplement to traditional wired networks. Typical applications are on mobile terminals in production logistics, operating and monitoring production lines or providing fast exchange of online data. For example, scheduled data can be sent directly from the monitoring center to the forklift in the warehouse.
There are already many industrial-grade WLAN devices on the market. They are based on the IEEE 802.11b/g/a/h protocol and can provide data transmission speeds of about 100 Mbit/s. In terms of transmission distance, if a suitable antenna is used at a frequency of 5 GHz, it can reach 20 kilometers. Hersmann's wireless network solution can meet this demand. In the future, the extended protocol IEEE 802.11n will further standardize the WLAN standards in the industrial environment. The new standard may begin next year, when data communications will be more reliable and faster, reaching 640 Mbit/s, even in poor radio communication environments.
Radio networks in industrial environments also have specific distinctions based on the application of WLANs. For example, WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) for data transmission over distances of 70 km or Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.1) and Zigbee (IEEE 802.15.4) for short-distance transmission are used. Zigbee is very interesting, because of its low power consumption, it is very suitable for wireless communication between sensors. However, the wide application of this technology in industrial environments may take several years.
Higher network bandwidth trends
Both wired and wireless networks require higher and higher network bandwidth. In an industrial environment, especially at the control level, Fast Ethernet (100 Mbit/s) is almost by default the mainstream today. However, Gigabit Ethernet is becoming more and more common in automation and office environments. The reasons can be attributed to the following three points: First, more and more field devices are connected via Ethernet, and as the number of devices increases, bandwidth requirements increase. Second, a variety of services, such as control data, IP phones or IP video, are also growing rapidly and are transmitted on the same cable. Third, Gigabit Ethernet has ten times faster switching capabilities than Fast Ethernet, and many real-time applications can be implemented in a standard Gigabit Ethernet environment. Hussman has introduced 10G industrial grade switches in early 2007. As with wireless solutions, higher transmission speeds mean higher power consumption and higher cost chips. However, as chip costs decrease, Gigabit Ethernet will become increasingly popular in the industrial environment.
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