The battery pack of an electric vehicle as an energy source, is the most critical components of the electric car, it directly affects the performance of electric vehicles. Temperature is one of the important factors affecting the performance of the battery pack. The battery generates a large amount of heat in the work due to the influence of space, which causes the temperature of the battery pack to be unbalanced, thus affecting the consistency of the battery pack.
In order to make the battery pack work in the most suitable state, and to exert the best performance and life of the battery pack, it is especially important to dissipate heat from the battery.
In the communication with the battery system provider Huasheng Power, the battery China has learned that the thermal management system included in the power battery management system uses different heat transfer media according to different designs, and the heat dissipation effect is also different.
Air is used as the heat transfer medium, which has the advantages of simple structure, light weight, effective ventilation when generating harmful gases, and low cost; the disadvantage is that the heat transfer coefficient is low with the wall surface of the battery, the cooling rate is slow, and the efficiency is low.
The liquid is used as the heat transfer medium, the heat transfer coefficient between the wall surfaces of the battery is high, and the cooling speed is fast; and the disadvantage is that the structure is relatively complicated, and the components such as the water jacket and the heat exchanger are increased, and the sealing property is high, and the whole is required. The quality is also relatively large, and repair and maintenance are difficult.
Under normal circumstances, according to different heat transfer media, it can be divided into three types of heat dissipation methods: natural air cooling, forced air cooling, and liquid cooling. The heat dissipation principle is also different.
Natural air cooling mainly relies on heat exchange between the battery pack case and the outside air to achieve the effect of cooling the battery pack. Affected by the heat of the battery itself and the external environment temperature, it is generally suitable for small-sized battery packs with mild working conditions, low battery temperature rise, and low ambient temperature.
Forced air cooling, that is, using the evaporator to forcibly cool the hot air in the battery pack, and conveying the cold air to the surface of the battery through a special air duct design to achieve the cooling effect.
Liquid cooling, currently mainly 50% water and 50% ethylene glycol as a cooling medium. For round batteries, the current mainstream solution is to use an "S" type water-cooled flat tube, which is directly mounted in the module and in contact with the surface of the battery core.
In the air cooling method, it is divided into two types of ventilation: parallel and serial.
In the case of serialization, air is generally caused to flow from one side of the battery pack to the other side in order to remove the heat of the battery pack. However, serial ventilation will cause air to bring the heat from the first place to the place where it flows, resulting in a large temperature difference between the two packs.
In the parallel ventilation mode, the air in the battery pack space is a downward airflow, and the heat can be evenly removed, thereby ensuring the temperature balance of the battery pack, and there is no occurrence of heat accumulation and high temperature in one area during serial ventilation.
In practical applications, different electric vehicle models use different heat dissipation methods.
In electric buses, air-cooling schemes are often used because of the large capacity, large volume, and relatively low power density of the battery pack. In the traditional ventilation mode, the parallel ventilation method is recognized by the pure electric bus because of high heat dissipation efficiency, uniform heat dissipation and low cost.
Compared with the electric bus, the electric passenger car has a smaller space and is not easy to dissipate heat, so the heat is more serious than the electric bus, and the heat dissipation system used in the electric passenger car has higher quality requirements. Battery space is especially valuable when the body size cannot be increased. Therefore, pure electric passenger cars use the "heat pipe + water cooling" heat dissipation method. Compared with the traditional water cooling, it not only saves the use cost, but also can effectively solve the heat dissipation problem of the electric passenger car.
A common method for cooling the power battery of a pure electric logistics vehicle is to use air-cooling heat dissipation, that is, a cooling fan is installed on one side of the battery, and an air-cooled pipe is arranged inside the battery pack for heat dissipation. With the deepening of research on the cooling method of power batteries, some enterprises have introduced power battery liquid cooling systems, but the technology is still immature and still in the research and development stage. Most of the pure electric logistics vehicles are mainly short-distance freight transport in the city, which solves the problem of the “last mile†of the logistics industry. Therefore, the matching motor of the vehicle has low power and low heat dissipation requirements. Generally, the pure electric logistics vehicle cooling system only needs one water tank radiator, one electronic cooling fan, one ECU controller and one electric cooling water pump. Therefore, most electric logistics vehicles still choose air cooling to dissipate heat.
Compared with electric buses, electric logistics vehicles and electric taxis, summer pure electric private cars need to work at high temperatures for a long time. However, in order to think about their own car, the owner should try to reduce the long-term exposure of the electric car, while avoiding overcharge and over discharge, and using the slow charge charging method to effectively ensure the relative safety of the car battery pack.
In the heat, how do you come to heat the car for high temperature? Is there any good trick?
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