In recent years, with the continuous exploitation of production wells in various oilfields in China, production wells have generally experienced problems such as low output, reduced formation liquid supply capacity, and low pumping efficiency and high power loss in the middle and late stages of production. Since 2014, the international oil price has experienced an avalanche-type decline. The major oil companies in China have been unable to make profits or even suffered losses. The extensive management and production mode of oilfield enterprises has long been unable to adapt to the current international oil environment. The beam-type pumping method of the beam-type pump has become the most important mechanical oil recovery method due to its simple structure, strong adaptability and long service life. However, the current oil production control system cannot adjust according to the actual formation liquid supply capacity. When the enthalpy rate is greater than the liquid supply capacity, there will be low pumping efficiency and even equipment loss. At present, various oilfields have developed an inter-pumping production system based on experience in the production of wells with insufficient liquid supply in the formation. This approach has improved oil production efficiency to a certain extent and reduced energy consumption, but it has not achieved real-time and intelligence.
In this paper, a set of intelligent oil recovery control system based on STM32 is proposed for the above problems. The control system changes the current sinking depth according to the real-time measurement of the dynamic liquid level to change the frequency converter to adjust the pumping stroke, effectively reducing the number. The necessary energy waste also increases the production of oil wells and has high application value in the oilfield exploitation process.
2. Mechanism analysis of dynamic liquid surface control to increase productionThe oil production control intelligent oil recovery control system is established for the beam pumping unit. It can collect the dynamic liquid level data in real time and transmit the data to the control cabinet. The controller in the control cabinet analyzes and calculates the received dynamic surface data. Then, the processing will be output to the inverter in the next step, and the inverter will be adjusted and changed according to the real-time specific conditions of the hydrodynamic surface height in the well, thereby achieving efficient oil recovery and reducing unnecessary power loss. The system also uses the liquid level as the core to adjust the pumping unit by measuring the liquid level in real time and its changes.
The hydrodynamic surface is the liquid level of the annular space of the oil casing when the production of the oil well is stable. The hydrodynamic surface directly reflects the strength of the liquid supply capacity of the formation. The liquid supply capacity of the formation is the key factor determining the yield and sustainability of the oilfield. Each oil field determines the pump depth through the hydrodynamic surface, calculates the bottom hole flow pressure, and formulates the working system of a well or block according to its changes. The pumping well reflects the change of bottomhole pressure through the change of liquid level, and its output can be expressed as:
QL=JL(Hs-Hf)=JL(Lf-Ls)
QL - oil production volume, m3 / d;
Hs, Ls—the height and depth of the hydrostatic surface, m;
Hf, Ls—the height and depth of the moving surface, m;
JL - production index, m3 / (d * m).
3. Hardware composition of oil production control systemThe oil production control system is mainly composed of three parts:
(1) The moving liquid surface detection part can collect the dynamic liquid surface data in real time.
(2) In the control part, the controller obtains the optimal pumping unit operating parameters by analyzing and processing the detected dynamic surface data.
(3) In the frequency conversion part, the pumping unit will change the running state of the motor according to the frequency change of the frequency converter.
The hardware structure of the oil recovery control system is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Hardware structure of the oil production control system
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