The high-power battery made of nitrocarbon prepared by special process method significantly improves the discharge parameters of the battery.

Application Research of Nitro Carbon on High Power Battery

Abstract: The market demands higher performance of lead-acid batteries. Many manufacturers use different methods to improve discharge performance from various angles; improve the utilization of lead paste. In this paper, a high-power battery is prepared by adding nitrocarbon prepared by special process method to the formulation. The multi-parameter test of constant current discharge and constant power discharge significantly improves the discharge parameters of the battery.

Keywords: nitrocarbon high power

1 Introduction

The biggest advantage of lead-acid batteries compared to other chemically charged batteries is that they are economical but their charge and discharge performance is worse than any battery. Therefore, its application range is limited. The problem of low utilization of lead paste has always been the soft rib of lead-acid batteries. Experts and scholars from all over the world have broadened their thinking and tried their best to improve the utilization of lead paste. It is generally accepted that effective methods are to reduce the thickness of the plates, reduce the spacing of the ribs, and adopt physical methods such as vertical distribution of vertical ribs and addition of ribs. But the negative impact it brings is also obvious. Firstly, the thin plate has high requirements on the skill of the casting staff, the grid broken ribs, the pores, the grid is soft, the forming qualification rate is lowered, the calcium furnace is burnt due to the high temperature of the lead furnace, the hydrogen evolution of the battery is lowered, and the sealing is sealed. The reaction efficiency is lowered and the water loss rate is increased. Secondly, the corrosion resistance of the grid is reduced, the cycle attenuation is accelerated, and the service life is affected. The use of small-capacity batteries for children's toys and other purposes can still meet customer needs, but in the use of medium-density batteries, fixed-type batteries and UPS backup power supply, there is a clear disadvantage of the increase in the rate of withdrawal and the short life of the float.

In this paper, superconducting carbon (temporarily named as nitrocarbon) prepared by special process is added to the negative lead paste to improve the electrochemical performance of the negative lead paste, and the battery discharge performance is also improved under the condition of overcoming structural improvement defects. In particular, improvements in high current discharge performance and high power discharge performance are particularly effective.
The high-power battery made of nitrocarbon prepared by special process method significantly improves the discharge parameters of the battery.

2. Experimental comparison of reference battery selection and performance parameters

Battery type 6FM18-BT

Battery size is 181mm long, 76mm wide and 167mm high

Plate type F4.5 Plate thickness Positive plate 2.8mm, negative plate 1.7mm

Pole group configuration 4 positive 5 negative partition: AGM partition, compression ratio 1:1.2

The amount of lead paste per AH (dry paste) is 10.8 g/single paste, and the negative cream is 7.66 g.

Single acid plus 200ml, total acid amount 1200ml

Internalization of the battery into acid plus specific gravity 1.245g/cm3 with 1% anhydrous sodium sulfate, 0.2% stannous sulfate

Formulation materials: red dan, short fiber, anisotropic graphite, barium sulfate, barium stearate, antimony trioxide, antimony trioxide, stannous sulfate, acetylene black, sodium lignosulfonate, high purity humic acid, etc. The amount added is 5.4%·~5.6% of the amount of lead powder. Semi-automatic precision liquid filling machine vacuum injection. Immediately after the injection, put it in the water tank, put on the acid circulation pot, and complete the connection of a group of batteries within 2 hours, and enter the charging state.

The internalization process is as follows: 0.7 amp charge for 3 hours---1.1 amp charge for 20 hours---0.9 amp charge for 6 hours---stand for 1 hour---7.2 amp discharge for 2 hours---2.7 amp charge for 4 hours- -- 2 amps for 6 hours - 1 amp for 12 hours, more than one acid is taken out within 2 hours of the end of charging. Wear a safety bonnet. Allow to stand for 2 hours---1.8 An discharge for 10 hours to assess the capacity. Record the discharge termination voltage of each battery to not less than 10.8 volts. If there is any unqualified battery, it should be marked and will be treated afterwards. Rechargeable power: 2.7 amps for 3 hours---1.8 amps for 4 hours---0.9 amps for 8 hours for float charging, and the unit floats for 1 hour at 13.5 volts for charging, and then measuring and recording the floating charge of the cells. Pressure. For batteries with a float voltage higher than 13.80 volts or lower than 13.26 volts, they should be labeled and processed centrally.

Extract 6 batteries to perform constant current discharge test, the list is as follows:

time 5 minutes 10 minutes 15 minutes 1 hour 3 hours 5 hours 20 hours
Termination voltage
1.60 64.8 42 30.9 11.79 5.34 3.27 0.975
1.70 55.8 38.4 29.1 11.31 4.65 3.12 0.924
1.75 54.6 37.5 28.2 10.8 4.5 3.06 0.9
1.80 48.9 35.7 25.5 10.05 4.32 2.88 0.876

A battery was taken for charging acceptance test: the battery was discharged to 50% of the 10-hour rate capacity, and charged at a constant voltage of 14.4 volts at 0 °C. Test the current level at 10 minutes. Get 3.92 amps.

The other one was pumped for super-large current discharge: discharge at 10 times to 6 volts for 51 seconds.

3. Production of nitrocarbon:

Analysis of the mechanism of action of nitrocarbon in lead paste active materials: Lead-acid batteries not only store and release electrical energy through chemical reaction, but also a kind of capacitor, a large amount of charge is present on the microporous surface of the positive active material and the negative active material. . Therefore, the larger the specific surface area of ​​the active material, the more the stored charge is. The capacity of the "capacitor battery" is greater in the case of the same active substance. However, the too loose lead paste microstructure is not conducive to the cycle life of the battery. After a plurality of deep cycles, the positive active material is muddy and powdered. The opposite is true for the negative electrode. It is inflated during use, and the more micropores, the less sulfation occurs. Therefore, the microscopic viewing specific gravity is added to the negative electrode additive, and the specific surface area reaches the molecule. Moreover, this molecule will separate some of the atomic groups during the initial charging process to leave the hole level at the molecular level. It has a positive effect on the increase in the charge capacity of the "capacitor battery" and the decrease in the activity and sulfation of the negative electrode. The addition of nitrocarbon can form a complex micro-grid phase with lead, changing the electrochemical behavior of lead active substances. The electrolyte in the pores promotes the faster reaction of sulfate ions to the surface of the active material in the chemical reaction. It has the function of super capacitor and the time difference of liquid supply for large current discharge. The conductive channel formed by the addition of nitrocarbon also has the function of balancing the charge and discharge current, which reduces the impact of high current charging on the microstructure of the active material and reduces the internal resistance of the entire battery.

3.1 Selection of nitration matrix material: Natural cotton is degreased into degreased fiber and hand shredded. As a base material. Use 100 grams at a time.

3.2 Preparation of other raw materials and utensils: Reagent grade concentrated nitric acid (content 65%) in 500 ml bottle. 1000 ml of purified water. 2000 ml flat bottom open beaker spare, mercury thermometer, drain glass rod, glass or ceramic vacuum pump, vacuum pump.

3.3 Production process: 500ml of pure water is first injected into a 2000ml beaker, and 20g of shredded absorbent cotton fiber is placed. Insert a mercury thermometer inside the beaker and the range should be greater than 120 °C. The temperature of the Solution in the beaker can be monitored at any time. Slowly dilute concentrated nitric acid along the glass rod into the center of the beaker and pour into the water. At this time, the temperature showed a rapid rise. When the temperature was raised to 90 ° C, the concentrated nitric acid was suspended, and the shredded degreased fiber was added while stirring slowly. Because the concentrated nitric acid is injected in the lower layer of the center of the beaker, and the temperature test point is on the side of the beaker, there is a phenomenon that the temperature measurement shows hysteresis. Therefore, the temperature will continue to rise to 95 ° C or higher after stopping the addition of concentrated nitric acid, which may rise according to the temperature. The speed is increased by the addition of degreased fibers and accelerated agitation, with a focus on preventing the degreased fibers from being charred into black. If the temperature does not rise to 95 ° C or the temperature falls too fast, the degreased fiber is also white. It can be heated to 95 ° C with a spare electric furnace, and the degreased fiber can be seen from yellowish to yellowish. The temperature also falls below 90 °C. The concentrated nitric acid remaining in the nitrous acid bottle is again added to the 2000 ml beaker along the glass rod, and the temperature will rise again above 90 °C. The remaining degreased fibers were all added to the beaker, and if the temperature was maintained above 90 ° C, the reaction was allowed to proceed for 20 minutes. If the temperature has dropped below 90 ° C, it can be heated to 90 ° C by heating in an electric furnace. Stop the electric furnace and let it react for 20 minutes. It is noted that the degreased fiber is already in a yellowish to pyrophoric state to indicate that the nitration reaction is appropriate. Too light color is not enough nitrification, and can be heated to promote the nitration. If the color is too dark, it is too urgent to add nitric acid, or the degreased fiber is too slow, so that the stirring can be accelerated, and the pure water can be added to cool down when necessary.

After the 20-minute nitration reaction is completed, 100 ml to 200 ml of purified water can be added to lower the temperature to 50 °C. Covered with dust. Rest until the next day.

The next day, the supernatant liquid was aspirated, and the nitrated degreased fiber was filtered through a suction bottle to form a nitrocarbon additive. From the perspective of environmental protection, the filtrate should be reused. In the second use, the electric furnace can be preheated to above 50 °C to inject concentrated nitric acid according to the above method. If the degree of completion of the nitration reaction is insufficient, the electric furnace heating can be assisted. At the same time, grasp the acid content of the nitrification solution.

When nitrating, the operator needs to wear a mask and acid-proof gloves. Pay attention to personal safety.

The filtrate is dried and dried at low temperature to measure its moisture content. The added water should be removed when adding the additive to ensure the rigor and truth of the experiment.

3.4 Production of experimental batteries: Nitrogen charcoal is added to the additive of the original process formula in three different proportions of not more than 1%, and a small batch of paste is prepared. The apparent ratio of the lead paste is important to meet the parameters required by the original production process. The ratio of the amount of paste applied to the sample battery of each of the ratios is slightly less than that of the three batteries. The test plate enters the production curing room according to the production process for high temperature and high humidity curing and high temperature and low humidity drying. The prepared sample batteries are respectively labeled A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3 according to the amount of blending, and the electrolyte is injected together with the same series of batteries according to the original production process, and is converted into a charge. Do a 10-hour rate capacity assessment together. There were no faulty batteries and failed batteries during this process.

Each type of sample battery is pumped for testing of charge acceptance. The I10min is 4.13A, 4.17A, 4.16A.

After fully charging, the time for discharging 10 times and discharging current to 6 volts is 78 seconds, 82 seconds, and 81 seconds, respectively. It shows that the charge acceptance and large current discharge performance of all the sample batteries after the addition of nitrocarbon are significantly improved. In order to test the high power performance under different currents and different power discharges, compared with the equivalent parameters of ordinary batteries, the comparison values ​​of 5 minutes discharge to 20 hour rate are as follows:

time 5 minutes 10 minutes 15 minutes 1 hour 3 hours 5 hours 20 hours
Termination voltage
1.60 77.1 48 36.2 12.5 5.50 3.34 0.973
1.70 66.3 43.9 34.01 12.0 4.93 3.20 0.925
1.75 65.0 42.5 32.91 11.4 4.77 3.13 0.900
1.80 58.2 40.6 29.9 10.7 4.58 2.94 0.875

4 Conclusion:

4.1. Nitrocarbon produced by special process is used as a negative electrode additive in high-power series batteries, which has obvious improvement on large-current discharge performance.

4.2. The scale use of concentrated nitric acid has high quality requirements for the operating staff. It is also used in large-scale production to have special equipment to prepare mass-produced nitrocarbon additives.

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