I. Preface
This is the fourth in a series of articles. The first three through-doors are as follows:
Part I: Selection of Home NAS Solutions and HP GEN8 Unpacking
Part II: GEN8 hardware transformation
Part 3: HP GEN8 ILO Remote Management and BIOS Setup
The next plan is to write Hyper V settings for virtual machines and install and whitewash for Synology 5.2.
Closer to home, in the previous post I described in detail the setup and use of HP's ILO remote management tool. Now review the system platform, data storage, and access plan:
1, the system platform: WIN2012.
2. Data storage: Use two 4TB red disks as mirror virtual disks in the storage pool.
3. Data access: Synology 5.2 accesses the data of the WIN system through NFS mount.
Disclaimer: This article only discusses the installation and debugging techniques of the WIN system.
First on a NAS family photo (GEN8+4TB red disk+300G hard disk+K2P, next to the tripod is shot)
Second, the operating system WIN2012_R2 installation
(A) The choice of operating system
Let me briefly explain why the operating system chose WIN2012 instead of WIN2008, WIN2016, or WIN10. In fact, it's a bit inevitable and a bit accidental.
1. Considering that it is mainly doing NAS without entertainment, there is no choice for WIN10. The other reason was that I was trying to use WIN10 to test the virtual machine at the time. As a result, the Hyper_V on the laptop could not be installed or installed, and I also used the WINServer system.
2, WINServer has three mainstream versions: WIN2008, 2012 and 2016. At that time, the driver of the IP (Intelligent Provisioning) integrated of HP GEN8 had a perfect support for WIN2008 and WIN2012, and there was a problem with the support for WIN2016. At the same time I am also worried that WIN2016 installed will not be too looo card, and WIN2008 I think it is too old, and there is no built-in storage pool technology, so the choice of WIN2012. During the installation process, the IP driver support for 2012 was perfect. Once it was successful, I was lazy to toss other versions later. In fact, the GEN8 driver fully supports WIN2016 and will not be stuck.
(II) Installation System Using IP
The IP mentioned here is not an IP address. It is an abbreviation of HP's Intelligent Provisioning (Intelligent Thin Provisioning) tool. It integrates the drivers of all mainstream systems and can complete remote, fast, simple, and non-intrusive system installation without any disc.
1, start the IP installation system
The GEN8 is powered on. After seeing the following interface, press F10 to enter the IP interface.
Wait for half a minute and finally the following interface appears. Select Configure and Install.
2, change the installation options
Enter the next screen, "System Software Update" option remember to change to "skip updates", otherwise it will automatically connect HPE official website update firmware before installing the system, the time may be up to several hours (I did not dare to try, interested children's shoes can be Try it yourself, others use the default options.
3, load the remote system installation media
Go to the next screen, all with the default options. Here you can see that ILO can remotely mount the system installation disk. To install the ISO image file on the console Virtual Drivers→Image File CD-ROM/DVD loading system, it can be a local file or a LAN shared file, or even a URL address.
4, choose to install the version
Enter the next interface, IP has correctly identified the system version on the media disk, and then choose the appropriate version to install (DataCenter version with GUI interface is selected here). The computer name and administrator password are recommended to be entered in advance. Afterwards, why do you need to do it yourself? The IP can be fully automated without intervention of the installation system.
5, confirm the installation information
Go to the next screen, here to confirm the information, and click Next to start installing the system. All you have to do here is restart after the system is installed. I will not demonstrate the interface later. I do not want to reinstall the system.
6, the system interface
After the system restarts, enter the WIN2012 login interface. Ctrl+Alt+Del needs to click on the console keyboard menu to enter. After login, the fixed IP is set first. After the remote desktop is started, the ILO remote console can end its mission (only for the WIN system operation). Remote desktop is more convenient than the console in the operation of the WIN platform.
Third, the storage pool debugging
(A) data disk management program
First determine the data disk management program: Because there is no use of the server's RAID mode, for data security, I use WIN2012's own storage pool technology to protect data, two Western Digital 4TB red disk in the storage pool as a virtual disk mirror (Mirror mode) is equivalent to Software RAID1. The following figure shows the establishment of two storage pools, one of which is called a 4TB storage pool (with a capacity of 7.28TB). The virtual disk 4TB_NAS built on it is a mirrored layout (capacity of 3.64TB), and all the space is allocated to the volumes ( Partition) D.
(b) Storage Pool Settings
1, the concept of storage pool
What is the storage pool under the first science? Microsoft introduced a practical storage pool technology is built from the WIN8 and WIN2012 built-in, the basic idea is that the physical disk and logical disk completely separated, the underlying to the system automatically processed, can be considered a storage virtualization. For users with a large number of hard drives, there is a great deal of flexibility.
2, the advantages of the storage pool (I summed up based on data from Duomei, not necessarily accurate)
(1) Excellent flexibility: Overcoming various shortcomings of RAID (read and write speeds are discussed separately). Can easily increase or decrease the hard disk, just add a new hard disk to the pool or choose to remove the old hard disk from the pool, the system will automatically balance the use of different hard disks, automatically rebuild the pool.
(2) Disks do not need strict consistency: RAID arrays generally require the same type and capacity of several hard disks, otherwise the redundant parts will be wasted. The storage pool does not have any restrictions on the types and capacities of hard disks. Various types and capacities of disks such as internal SATA hard disks, external USB removable hard disks, and network hard disks can be combined into the pool at the same time (this is very convenient, with demo USB behind them). Hard disk into the pool).
(3) Strong Mobility: Inserting a hard disk swapping computer with an existing storage pool, as long as the windows that support this generation of storage pool functions can be identified, it does not matter if it is plugged in as long as it is plugged in at least enough to read it. The physical disk of the virtual disk can read the data. Note: win8 and win2012 are the first generation storage pools, win10 and win2016 are the second generation. The first generation of pools can be identified by the second generation system and upgraded to the second generation, but the second generation pool cannot be identified by the first generation system, but there are also slight differences and incompatibility in the same generation.
3, the data disk to establish steps
Simply put, a physical hard disk is used to compose a storage pool. A virtual disk is created in the storage pool (the data layout can be selected as Simple/Mirror/Parity, which can be simply seen as software RAID0/RAID1/. RAID5 requires a minimum of 1/2/3 physical disks, and the hard disk is then partitioned (that is, volume), which is the C/D/E drive letter we see on the computer. Multiple pools can be set up in a system. There can be multiple virtual disks in a pool. There can be multiple partitions in a virtual disk (it seems to be a complicated one).
(1) Create a new storage pool: Open the Server Management → File and Storage Services → Volumes → Storage Pools interface. If there is a disk available for the storage pool in the system, there will be a primary pool named Primordial in the storage pool list. Select Primordial raw pool right-click menu, select New Storage Pool, select the physical hard disk to be included in the storage pool, and follow the prompts to perform subsequent operations. Newly added hard disks can be added to the storage pool at any time.
Note: Disks prepared for storage pools cannot have any partitions, or they cannot be pooled. Here you can see that an external USB removable hard disk can join the storage pool. For an old hard disk that already has partitions that you want to enter into the pool, you can delete the partition by resetting the disk.
Warning: Do not choose the wrong disk, otherwise the consequences will be serious.
If there are multiple physical disks, one can be selected as a hot backup to replace the failed disk when there is a problem with other disks.
(2) Create a new virtual disk: Open the Server Management→File and Storage Services→Volume→Storage Pool interface. Select the storage pool first, and then select New Virtual Disk from the right-click menu. Follow the prompts to enter the disk name (choose whether to create a storage layer, the pool must have SSD disk, as a cache), select the data layout (Simple / Mirror / Parity, Mirror at least 2 disk, Parity at least three disks), and finally Enter the disk capacity. The following figure shows that only one disk in the pool selects the layout of the parity to indicate that the number of physical disks is insufficient.
(3) Create a new volume (partition): Open the Server Management → File and Storage Services → Volume → Disk interface, select the virtual disk, and then select the new volume from the right-click menu, follow the prompts, and the usual partition operations.
The following figure shows a storage pool DSM that I built with a 300G hard disk. Based on it, I created a simple layout virtual disk DSM_QUN (only one physical disk can only use the Simple layout) and all the space is allocated to the volume (partition) E.
(C) repair of the storage pool
Considered for a long time, whether to write a repair part, because I personally feel a bit complicated, for children's shoes without a computer basis will be a bit obscure and limited space is difficult to explain. , And the repair of the storage pool I also check the information on the Internet, and then slowly explored themselves, some of the views may not be accurate, please correct me.
Closer to home, because the first use of the storage pool, do not know if the hard disk if the problem is how to repair the system (for mirroring), automatic or manual? So before installing Synology, I tested the repair function of the storage pool. Since I don't have free hard disks on my hands, I had to take a USB removable hard disk and did a virtual machine test.
1, simulated storage pool failure:
(1) Build a WIN2012 environment with a virtual machine. The physical machine creates three 10GB virtual disks (without partitions) and passes them directly to the virtual machine.
(2) In the WIN2012 virtual machine, select two 10G capacity hard disks to join a storage pool named NAS, set up a Mirror type virtual disk named TEMP, and set the capacity to 30G (no mistake, the capacity of the virtual disk can be set greater than The existing capacity of the storage pool, if the data volume will exceed the current capacity of the storage pool, will prompt increase the hard disk into the pool, which is a manifestation of the separation of physical and logical), and then all the 30G space is allocated to the F drive.
(3) Copy a 3GB video file to drive F.
(4) Close the virtual machine, delete a virtual hard disk in the storage pool from the virtual machine, and simulate the hard disk damage.
(5) Restart the virtual machine, open Server Management → File and Storage Services → Volumes → Storage Pools interface and see that the virtual disk is degraded. One of the physical disks shows that the communication is interrupted.
Test the video file on the F drive can be read normally, copy, indicating that Mirror is working.
2, repair the failure of the storage pool failure (the first repair failed, I think it is a system bug)
(1) Add an available physical disk, PhysicalDisk2, to the storage pool so that the failed disk cannot be deleted before the virtual disk is repaired.
(2) Space comparison between old and new physical disks before repair
There is a repair menu for the virtual disk. Before the repair, look at the used capacity of the old and new disks. The new disk is 256MB and the old disk is 4.25GB. After repair, you can verify whether the repair was successful by using the capacity comparison.
(3) Virtual Disk Repair Function
Select the downgrade virtual disk TEMP, right-click menu to repair the virtual disk, the status bar will show the repair progress.
(4) Storage pool repair failed
The virtual disk TEMP still has a warning message. The prompt is incomplete, indicating that the repair was unsuccessful. The specific reason is unknown. I have tested it several times with virtual machines and physical machines. The test results are exactly the same. I think it is a BUG. Not necessarily accurate, please correct me.
(5) Space comparison between old and new physical disks after a failed repair
After the repair fails, the used capacity of the physical disks of the two Mirrors is not equal, and the new disk usage space has increased from 256MB to 768MB, which is far less than the used space capacity of the existing normal disk of 4.25GB. It also verifies that the repair is unsuccessful.
3, successfully repair the storage pool failure (finally succeeded)
(1) Fix new ideas
After testing and querying the data several times, it was found that the failed physical disk was repaired when the utilization status was "Auto", and after the status was changed to "Exit", the repair was successful.
(2) Physical disk status change command
In the GUI interface, it is not possible to change the disk status to "exit". The following command line must be used in the Power Shell:
Set-PhysicalDisk -FriendlyName PhysicalDisk-1 -Usage Retired, where PhysicalDisk-1 is the name of the failed physical disk. The following figure shows the command line to view and modify the physical disk status.
In the GUI interface, you can see that the failed physical disk has changed to "exited"
(3) Virtual Disk Repair
Select the virtual disk TEMP and right-click again to repair the virtual disk function. The TEMP warning message is displayed as "Service in progress", the status changes to "Repairing" and the repair progress is displayed.
You can use the command line to view the repair progress
After the repair is complete, the virtual disk TEMP has no warning message, but the storage pool NAS still has a warning message because the failed physical disk has not been deleted.
(4) Storage Pool Repair
After the physical disk PhysicalDisk-1 is deleted, the storage pool NAS warning message disappears and the storage pool is completely restored.
Fourth, WIN system remote desktop software
The remote desktop of the WIN system has a PC version and a mobile version, and there is no difference in the control of the remote device WIN system with the local machine, and the experience is very good. When I installed the virtual machine, I used the mobile remote desktop to control it, although it was very convenient to use a mouse.
to sum up
1. HP's IP tools are powerful. It integrates the drivers of all major systems, and can complete remote, fast, simple, and no intervention system installation without any disc.
2. The built-in storage pool technology of WIN2012 completely separates the physical disks from the logical disks. The underlying system is automatically processed by the system and has extremely high flexibility and stability.
3, simple simulation of the storage pool fault repair, for ordinary users still have a certain degree of difficulty.
4. The remote desktop of the WIN system is very convenient. There is a full-platform version of the PC and mobile phones, which can be remotely controlled at any time and place.
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