With the large-scale application of modern electronic technology in automobiles, mechanical cars in the traditional sense have been replaced by modern electronic vehicles. Various electronic and electrical products have accounted for 30% of the total cost of automobiles, and even more, and this trend Constantly developing.
The application of electronic technology plays a very important role in solving the economic, safety and comfort of automobiles. However, the development and application of many electronic products has also brought an important issue that cannot be ignored in the automotive industry. --- Research on automotive electromagnetic compatibility.
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) is a new technology introduced by electromagnetic interference. It refers to the ability of an electrical installation or electrical system to operate in a specified environment without interference or environmental interference. To solve the electromagnetic compatibility problem, we must first find the source of interference in the automotive electromagnetic environment. Interference sources can be classified into in-vehicle interference sources and off-board interference sources.
Electromagnetic interference sourceIn-vehicle interference source
It refers to the electromagnetic interference generated by various electronic and electrical systems on the vehicle. The electromagnetic interference generated by electrical and electronic equipment is due to the fact that many wires, coils and electrical appliances with contacts in the electronic products used in automobiles have different capacitances and inductances, and any closed circuit with inductance and capacitance will oscillate. Loop. When electrical equipment works to generate sparks, high-frequency oscillations are generated and emitted into the air in the form of electromagnetic waves, which cause different degrees of interference to the normal operation of radios, televisions and other radios within a few hundred meters of the vehicle and surrounding. . The interference generated by the automobile not only affects the normal operation of the external electronic and electrical equipment, but also affects the normal operation of the electronic and electrical equipment. Therefore, the electronic environmental interference may adversely affect the performance of the electronic product, and may even cause its function to be lost.
The radio interference source of a car is mainly the ignition system of the engine, and the interference wave comes from the high frequency oscillation of the secondary voltage of the ignition system. Second, electromagnetic waves are also generated when the generator load current is abrupt and rectified. Starters, generators, flashers, contact-type electromagnetic vibration horns, wipers, instrumentation systems, etc. also produce small electromagnetic waves that conduct and interfere with radiation.
Interference electromagnetic waves generated by automotive electrical appliances have pulse characteristics and a wide frequency band, and their frequencies are generally between 0.15 and 1 000 MHz. Interference electromagnetic waves generated by automobile electrical appliances, divided into conductive interference and radiation interference. Conducted and interfering electromagnetic waves are directly input into the radio equipment and electronic equipment through the car wires, while the radiated interference electromagnetic waves are transmitted in space, and are input into the radio device through an antenna (such as an ignition system high voltage line equivalent to an antenna).
Vehicle interference source
External electromagnetic interference caused by natural phenomena, social environment, etc. has a serious impact on automotive electronic systems. External electromagnetic interference refers to various artificial electrical equipment, such as: high-voltage transmission lines, tram tracks, radio and television equipment, and radio communication. Electromagnetic radiation radiated from equipment and the like, and electromagnetic interference caused by natural phenomena such as lightning.
Research Status of Foreign Automotive Electromagnetic Compatibility
At present, the world's automobile developed countries have made some achievements in automotive electromagnetic compatibility research, forming a set of automotive electromagnetic compatibility system. This is mainly reflected in: relatively complete automotive electromagnetic compatibility test standards and specifications; effective mechanisms for electromagnetic compatibility testing, management and certification of automotive vehicles and components; high-precision automotive electromagnetic compatibility test system; Large-scale automotive electromagnetic compatibility prediction, analysis and design software. Third-party testing and certification institutions, automotive research institutions, etc. have also carried out research on automotive electromagnetic compatibility, and have established their own electromagnetic compatibility laboratory.
1. A more complete automotive EMC standard specification. Organizations such as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), the International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR), the American Automobile Industry Association (SAE), the German Standard (DIN), and the German Institute of Electrical Engineers (VDE) are all in their documents. The types of interference and the level of rigor for anti-interference detection are specified. Almost all car manufacturers and manufacturers of automotive electronics accept these standards or add them to their own corporate standards.
2. Many large EMC laboratories. Since 1965, Volkswagen has established an open-air anti-radio interference test bench for automobiles. It has been continuously improved and improved in the 1970s. In 1978, it introduced advanced testing equipment. In 1985, it vigorously promoted the preparation of the automotive electromagnetic compatibility center system. In 1987, the new Automotive Electromagnetic Compatibility Center was completed. The French PSA Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory has three darkrooms: one for the entire vehicle, one for component and vehicle receiver adjustments, and one dedicated for component testing. The darkroom size of the test vehicle is 15.5 mX 10 mX 6 113, the diameter of the turntable is 8.4113, and the wheelbase adjustment range is 2 000~3 700 mm. There are hundreds of EMC laboratories in Europe. Other institutions with large automotive EMC laboratories include German BMW Motors, Audi Motors, France u-TAC, British Automotive Industry Research Association (MIRA), and Italian Fiat.
3. Conduct automotive EMC forecasting studies. Automotive electromagnetic compatibility research was basically limited to testing before, but with the advent of electric vehicles and hybrid drive vehicles, and the rapid increase of automotive electrical systems, the signal frequency continues to increase, and automotive electromagnetic compatibility issues are becoming more and more important for automakers. a burden. In order to improve the efficiency of problem solving, reduce costs, and apply digital modeling and digital simulation technology to automotive electromagnetic compatibility research, it is becoming a hot spot in automotive electromagnetic compatibility research.
Overview of domestic automotive electromagnetic compatibility researchThe research work of automotive electromagnetic compatibility technology in China began with the research on the measurement of electromagnetic interference characteristics of automobiles. In the early 1980s, in the early 1980s, the measurement of electromagnetic interference characteristics of automobiles was started. In 1994, China Automotive Technology and Research Center took the lead in the domestic measurement of vehicle radio interference characteristics, and conducted a survey of various types of cars (new cars) across the country. According to statistics from the census, the pass rate is only 24%, and a considerable number of unqualified vehicles are seriously exceeded. From the 1990s in the 1990s, China began to control the radio interference of automobiles. Domestic automobile inspection agencies and production companies have purchased electromagnetic interference receiver systems to study and test the radio interference level of vehicles and control them. National automobile inspection agencies, including Tianjin Automobile Testing Center and Chongqing National Bus Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, have electromagnetic interference detection capabilities. Since then, the domestic research on electromagnetic compatibility technology of automobiles and their components has been carried out, and large-scale electromagnetic compatibility experimental facilities have been researched and built. In March 2001, the Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory of China Automotive Technology Research Center passed the approval of the China Laboratory Accreditation Committee, marking a new development in China's automotive electromagnetic compatibility test technology work. The China Automotive Technology and Research Center electromagnetic compatibility experimental facilities include field open field, electromagnetic wave dark room, conductive shielding room, amplifier room and measurement control system. As the main body of the electromagnetic compatibility laboratory, the anechoic chamber can realize the uniformity and attenuation of the electromagnetic field in the room, simulate the electromagnetic distribution of the open field, and complete various tests related to the electromagnetic field. The laboratory passed the test of the US SIS testing organization, and the performance indicators met the technical requirements of international relevant standards.
From the domestic situation, due to the backwardness of the overall level of China's automobile industry, the importance of electromagnetic compatibility of automobiles is insufficient. Therefore, research on electromagnetic compatibility is still rare. Automotive electromagnetic compatibility regulations are not perfect and implementation is not strict enough. In 1992, China promulgated the mandatory national standard GB14O23-92 "Test methods and allowable values ​​for radio interference characteristics of vehicles, motor boats and spark ignition engines", which limits the electromagnetic interference of vehicles to the environment. In 1998, GB 17619-98 "Limits and Measurement Methods for Electromagnetic Radiation Characteristics of Motor Vehicle Electronic and Electrical Components" was promulgated. In 2001, GB/T 18387-2001 "Limits and Measurement Methods for Electromagnetic Field Radiation Intensity of Electric Vehicles Broadband 9 kHz~30 MHz" was issued.
Future trendsAs the degree of electronic electronics has increased, automotive electromagnetic compatibility technology is being established as an important branch of automotive technology. The degree to which people care and value the electromagnetic compatibility of automobiles is increasing. The standardization process of China's automotive electromagnetic compatibility technology will be accelerated, new national standards will be continuously formulated, and old standards will be continuously revised. The national standards to be formulated in the next two years are: GB "Electric disturbance limits and measurement methods caused by conduction and coupling of road vehicles"; GB "Limitations and measurement methods of electromagnetic disturbances caused by electrostatic discharge of road vehicles"; For a period of time, we will focus on the electromagnetic compatibility research and testing of automotive parts and components to promote the accelerated development of domestic automotive electronic and electrical components technology, improve the production level of domestic automotive electronic and electrical components, and accelerate the localization process of China's automobile production in automobiles. On the basis of the phased results of the electromagnetic compatibility technology of electronic and electrical components, we will strengthen the research and testing of electromagnetic immunity of automobile vehicles, catch up with the development level of international automobile technology, and improve the overall level of domestically produced vehicles.
3.96mm Wire To Board Connectors
3.96mm Wire To Board Connectors are avialable in different terminations and sizes intended for use on a variety of applications. These connectors provide power and signal with different body styles, termination options, and centerlines. To find the wire to board set required, click on the appropriate sub section below.
Antenk offers a wide variety of wire-to-board connector solutions that fit applications requiring high-power solutions or microminiature options.
3.96mm (0.156") Pitch Wire to Board Connectors delivering 7.0A and 600V per circuit in an industry-standard 3.96mm pitch, power application connectors are ideal for low- to mid-power wire-to-board and board-to-board applications
3.96mm Pitch Board-to-Wire Connectors are rated for up to 10 Amps max. when using 16 AWG wire. The locking mechanism provides a clear and tactile click that prevents incomplete mating and incorrect insertion. The pin header comes with a guide post to prevent reverse insertion on the PCB. The lance is part of the housing instead of being a part of the terminal, which prevents tangled wires during assembly. The wall structure between the contacts helps to isolate the contacts and prevents short circuits between contacts. The DF63 series is capable of being potted, up to 5mm. Glass-reinforced resin is used on the pin header to prevent solder cracks due to thermal contraction. Keying options prevent incorrect connections due to the use of multiple connectors on the same board. When using identical pin counts, two versions are available with different keying options.
3.96mm Pitch Board-to-Wire Connectors Features
Capacity to handle a maximum of 10A when using 16 AWG wire MAX 10A/pin AWG ♯16 7A AWG ♯18
A locking mechanism that ensures a secure and completed connection: The locking mechanism delivers a clear and tactile click the prevents incomplete mating
Prevents incomplete insertion of the crimp contact
Prevents incorrect insertion between different poles
Reverse mounting prevention to PCB: The pin header is equipped with a guide post to prevent reverse insertion on the PCB
Molded lance design: The lance is actually part of the housing instead of being a part of the terminal. This prevents tangled wires during assembly
Short-circuit prevention: The wall structure between the contacts helps to isolate the contacts and prevents short circuits between contacts
Capable of being potted, up to 5mm
Solder Crack prevention: Glass-reinforced resin is used on the pin header to prevent solder cracks due to thermal contraction
Keying options prevent incorrect connections due to the use of multiple connectors on the same board. When using identical pin counts, two versions are available with different keying options
Corresponds with 7.92mm pitch: Also corresponds with 7.92mm pitch with 2 or 3 pos. without pins
Pitch 3.96mm Wire to Board Connectors Specification
Pitch:3.96mm
Circuits:2-12P
Wire AWG:18-24
Current:7.0 A
Rated Voltage: 250V
Operate TEMP: -25℃~85℃
Resistance:1000/min(MΩ)
Withstanding Voltage:1500V
Max wire(Diameter) : 2.5
Pitch 3.96mm Wire to Board Connectors Features and Benefits
Smallest pitch for positive lock Wire-to-Board crimp system
Provides space savings for mounting other components
mating retention with low mating and unmating forces
Wide header variations to provides customers with many choices and design flexibility
Easy to mate and unmate
Space saving SMT Mounting that provides assembly and cost efficiencies
Automated assembly reduces manual labor processes
Pitch 3.96mm Wire to Board Connectors Application industry:
Automotive
Electronic modules
Consumer
Air conditionerMobile POS terminalsNotebook PCSmart metersTVsTelevisions UAVs/Drones
Industrial
Servo motor
Medical
Patient Monitor
This is not a definitive list of applications for this product. It represents some of the more common uses.
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