DISCO design specification (1)

The Ministry of Culture of the People's Republic of China has promulgated two standards: "Acoustic Characteristic Indexes and Measurement Methods for the Sound Reinforcement System of Cabaret" (WH01-93) and "Limited Standards for Lighting and Light Pollution in Cabaret" (WH0201-94). As a compulsory regulation for the management of the people in the dance hall, the measurement and acceptance of the dance hall shall be carried out accordingly. In the next two years, the existing dance hall will be gradually transformed to meet the requirements of these two standards. In addition, the "Noise Standard for Urban Area Environment" (GB3096-82) and "Code for Design of Sound Insulation for Civil Buildings" (GBJ118-88) also stipulate the allowable level of noise in the dance hall. Therefore, the space environment of the dance hall has been regulated, and the actual effect of most previous dance halls shows that it is far from the requirements of the above standards. This not only affects the use effect, but also affects business management and organizational benefits. This article talks about several related issues.
Way of thinking:
The dance hall is a high-level comprehensive cultural product. It is a hierarchical system, in which each subsystem is composed of elements, and they cross into a network, that is, the structure formed by the interface between the elements and subsystems ; Use the techniques and techniques of interior design of architectural art to optimize and stabilize it to produce the overall effect of the system. Sound reinforcement system, architectural acoustics, lighting system, indoor technology, etc. are all elements and subsystems of the dance hall as system engineering. They intersect and intertwine at different levels, each with its own characteristics and contradicting each other. Therefore, the elements and subsystems must be carefully analyzed and carefully scrutinized in order to unravel the nodes of their cross network, unify contradictions, achieve overall effects, and meet the requirements of various regulations. The sound design should provide a good sound field in order to give full play to the performance of the sound reinforcement system and its equipment, and provide the methods and arrangements of sound absorbing materials and components, as well as the interior design to provide a prototype of the space creation; also provide good illumination for the lighting system The conditions to exert its artistic effect are the basis of the artistic image of the dance hall. The same interior design can provide a suitable location and tuning workplace for the speakers, and it is also an organizer that unifies various technologies to create a beautiful environment for viewing and listening. However, in practice, they often act independently and are independent of each other, and design independently; sound reinforcement system designers believe that as long as there is good equipment and system design, there will be good sound reinforcement effects; sound designer only considers how to ensure that mixing is achieved. In response to the requirements of time, provide the design of acoustic materials and components; the interior designer believes that the scientific and technological personnel do not understand art, create in closed doors, and finally provide a space that they think is beautiful to the scientific and technological personnel, let them place various equipment and conduct Treatment; correspondingly, the scientific and technological personnel also recognized that they did not understand architectural art, and ignored it. As everyone knows, the optimization of their own systems is not equal to the overall optimization, but often has a negative effect on the contrary. Therefore, the designers of the dance hall should realize that the dance hall is a systematic project, and the sound reinforcement system, architectural acoustics, lighting system, interior design, etc. are a subsystem in the system. As a sound reinforcement system designer, the relevant technology and art should be regarded as a body of knowledge, but also a way of thinking, in order to explore at a higher level the diverse and interwoven creation of technology and art is both scientific and Only the overall effect of art can achieve good sound reinforcement effect.
Sound field:
The biggest characteristics of the sound field theater of the dance hall are different from ordinary theaters and halls: the first is that it has a large-area smooth surface dance floor, which is a strong acoustic reflection surface; and the second is the lamp holder on the ceiling of the upper part of the dance floor , It concentrates a large number of technical equipment in the dance hall, art lighting, performance lighting, sound, video equipment, etc. Therefore, the dance floor is the visual and listening center, that is, the heart of the dance hall; the third is that the dance floor and the stage are co-located in the same space, and the composed space (sound field) represents the sound quality characteristics of the dance hall: the volume is large, and the sound level should be 95dB , With a margin of 6 ~ 10dB, the sound pressure level of playing disco music should be 110dB, and a margin of 10dB; in addition, actors and singers often walk into the dance floor with microphones, so that the sound reinforcement and the sound are mixed into one, easy Causes howling, so the sound field conditions of the dance hall are very complicated, and its acoustic design is sometimes more difficult than that of the theater. However, sufficient attention has not been paid, and even the designers of sound reinforcement systems have not given due attention. The ratio of the height, width and length of the room is a condition that directly affects the sound field. When the ratio is appropriate, the resonance frequency of the room is evenly distributed. The "acoustic" is usually pushed to the "golden law", which is 0.618: 1: 1.618. As we all know, the "golden law" is also one of the proportions of the beauty of the auditorium. It is also for the architectural art that the scientific meaning of "isomorphism" refers to the appearance of some objects that are very different from the outside, but the internal structural form, or rather The form of connection between its constituent things is the same, during which they can be transformed into each other through a certain transformation, 0.618 ("golden law") is the value of their transformation. The key in the ratio is the height, the height of the dance hall should be 5 meters Above, the lack of low-frequency resonance in the room will affect the sound quality in the hall; in addition, the trellis on the upper part of the dance floor is where the effect lamps and performance lamps, as well as the speaker group and video equipment for dance are installed, so the grid has a certain height It is required that the top grid of the place should have a certain height to have a good illumination angle to obtain good lighting artistic effects and suitable sound coverage; due to the strong reflection on the dance floor surface The sound quality has a great influence. It is necessary to arrange sound absorbing materials of sufficient thickness on the top grid of the upper part of the grid, so the height of the hall and its ratio are important factors in determining the sound quality and lighting in the hall. If the space in the hall is limited, it cannot be achieved At this ratio, at least the empty sound enclosed by the dance floor and the stage can meet this ratio.
The arc surface and the two parallel surfaces should be avoided. They will produce sound quality defects. Especially if the mirror surface or hard material is used as the finish on this surface, the hazard is more important. If it is necessary to adopt it from the shape, this surface should be used. Acoustic treatment.
deal with :
The decoration in the dance hall should meet the standard requirements in addition to obtaining beautiful visual effects. The reverberation time is a function of volume, which can generally be taken to be about 1 second. Most of today's dance halls use a lot of carpets, or use decorative cloth as the surface decoration, and plastic or ultra-fine glass wool is placed inside, so-called "soft pack" treatment. This approach will cause too much sound absorption in the high frequency band, and make the reverberation time of the middle and high frequencies short, so the sound in the hall is not bright enough, the clarity is poor, not gorgeous and no color. There are also a large number of methods used in the external use of plywood or plywood cladding, generally fixed with small nails; some are also covered with a layer of "soft pack" outside, this method makes a lot of low-frequency sounds in the hall are absorbed, Make the sound in the hall hard, inelastic and unbalanced. Without strict acoustic design, the sound-absorbing materials and components in the hall are single, resulting in excessive sound absorption at a certain frequency and distortion, which makes it difficult to adjust even with the room equalizer, and often appears to be adjusted to the top during the adjustment process The phenomenon of not being able to pull it down also causes the sound at that frequency to "taste", and at the same time, the transmission frequency effect is very poor-brightness, sense of hierarchy is very poor, not soft.
Vibration and noise reduction:
The speakers are placed on the stage, both the combined speakers and the woofer should be placed on the structural ground or on a solid bracket (the woofer should be placed on the ground); and the suspension brackets and fulcrums of the suspended speakers should be firm and cannot generate vibration Otherwise, the sound quality will be deteriorated. The wooden decoration method often causes the plate vibration noise due to carelessness in the construction and the nails are not strong; the light hanger will also cause low-frequency resonance of 40 to 80 Hz. When this kind of vibration noise is debugged in the room equalizer, a false peak appears in the frequency spectrum. The sound weakens and the peak disappears; but it is not linear, so it is difficult to debug. There should be no interference between the KTV rooms and the hall, including the total sound insulation capacity of the top grille and the partition wall is about 60dB, 24 brick walls or double 100mm aerated concrete blocks can be used; double paper plasterboard (2 * 12mm) Double-row keel, 50mm hollow rock wool filled, but not sound bridge; all partitions should be connected to the floor slabs without gaps; currently many singing and dancing halls have poor sound insulation, most of which are due to partitions It is not connected to the floor slab, and it is considered necessary to have a suspended ceiling.
Control room:
The control room is the control center for the sound, video and lighting of the dance hall and private rooms. As the equipment becomes more and more complex and the number of operators increases, the number of operators also increases. Therefore, the area of ​​the control room should not be less than 20 square meters, and its position should be directly in front of the stage. The operators can directly see and hear through the observation window Stage and dance floor performances.
Equipment:
The “Administrative Measures for Commercial Entertainment Places” and two industry standards promulgated by the Ministry of Culture emphasize the standards that must be met for the requirements of lighting acoustic technology.
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